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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Les manifestations psychopathologiques chez les mères des enlevés de la guerre libanaise (1975-1990) : du complexe de Pénélope au deuil paradoxal</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The psychopathological symptoms in mothers of abducted lebanese war (1975-1990) : to the Penelope complex to pardoxical mourning</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Guerre civile libanaise</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Enlèvement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Civils</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Amnistie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TAT</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Processus de deuil-fonctionnement limite-retour</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Disparus-mère-trauma-traumatisme-répétition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pénélope-deuil paradoxal-vide dépressif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lebanese Civil War</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Kidnapping</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Civilians</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Amnesty</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La Guerre Civile libanaise (1975-1990) fut notamment marquée par l’enlèvement de militaires mais aussi de civils. Depuis la loi d’Amnistie de 1991, nous examinerons précisément les répercussions sur la santé psychique de familles d’enlevés, grâce à des entretiens non directifs et la collecte de récits poétiques comme épistolaires, selon la lecture du TAT. La justice transitionnelle est une prospective de reconstruction du Liban. Elle permettrait de lever le voile d’ignorance sur le sort des disparus, pour faciliter le processus de deuil. Mais pour l’heure, les familles souffrent du silence de l’Etat qui enterre l’histoire du Liban, ceci tant que le sort des disparus demeurera inidentifiable. En dépit de ce silence qui annihile toute entreprise de séparation psychique entre les familles et les disparus, condamnant ainsi les mères libanaises à la répétition infinie du trauma, à l’instar de Pénélope tissant et détissant sans cesse les liens du linceul de Télémaque, celles-ci peuvent réaccoucher d’elles-mêmes ; et se tourner, en pleine conscience, vers un avenir, une destinée propre, via le processus du « deuil paradoxal ». Ce concept, loin d’abonder dans le sens de l’évitement ou du déni des disparus, consiste en une réapparition du moi des mères, dans l’opération psychosomatique de procéder au deuil, non de leurs proches, mais du traumatisme qui les avait de prime abord anéanties, jusqu’au vide dépressif. C’est, paradoxalement, grâce à leur fonctionnement limite que les mères des disparus libanais vont pouvoir opérer ce « retour » à leur moi qu’elles imaginaient perdu.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The Lebanese Civil War (1975 - 1990) has been mainly remarkable as far as the kidnapping of soldiers as much as of civilians is concerned. Up to the 1991 Amnesty Law, we will precisely examine the consequential effects on psychic health on rapted families thanks to non guiding interwiews, and the gathering poetical or written accounts, according to the reading of TAT.The transitional justice is a prospective for the rebuild of Lebanon. It could help to clear the mist about the missing's fate, to help people to go out of mourning. But at the present time, the families are enduring the silence of the State, that is burying and forgetting the history of Lebanon, that the missing's fate will remain unestablished for ever. In spite of this silence that destroys any attempt of psychic breaking up between the families and the missings, blocking up that way the Lebanese mothers in the perpetual repetition of the trauma, like Penelope doing and undoing her work that consisted in weawing the shroud of Telemaque's father- in - law, they can deliver of herselves; and decide to look at a future, an own destiny, through the process of "paradoxal nourning".This concept,far from avoiding or denying the missings, consists in a new coming out of the mother's ego, in the psychosomatic way to initiate mourning not of the next of kin, but the traumatism that had prostrated them first up to the depressive emptyness. Paradoxically, bringing the mothers of Lebanese missings to their extreme limits will next allow them to get back to their ego that they imagined as lost for ever at first.</dcterms:abstract>
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