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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Méthode magnétique multi-échelle à trois dimensions appliquée à l'étude archéologique du site de Qasr 'Allam, oasis de Bahariya, Egypte</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Multi-scale and three dimensional magnetic method applied to the archaeological investigation of the site of Qasr 'Allam, oasis of Bahariya, Egypt</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Géophysique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Archéologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Magnétisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prospection magnétique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anomalie magnétique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Méthodes potentielles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Geophysics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Archaeology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Magnetism</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette étude propose d'examiner les vestiges archéologiques de Qasr ʿAllam enfouis sous les sédiments en développant une approche géophysique adaptée aux contextes du site. La mesure du champ total à l'aide de magnétomètres vectoriels à vanne de flux permet la mise au point de dispositifs multi-capteurs qui permettent une acquisition au rapport rapidité/densité hautement modulable. Ainsi des cartes verticales et horizontales de l'anomalie de l'intensité du champ magnétique à différentes échelles sont établies. L'utilisation et le développement d'outils d'interprétation issus de la théorie du potentiel, couplés à des fouilles ciblées, permettent à la fois de d'obtenir des informations sur les sources et d'améliorer la méthode grâce aux preuves-terrain. Les résultats ainsi obtenus révèlent la présence d'un système d'irrigation complexe et étendu, d'un ensemble cultuel massif du 8e/7e siècle avant l'ère commune et d'un second ensemble plus petit postérieur de plusieurs siècles. Entre ces deux derniers un changement environnemental brutal d'un milieu humide à aride a manifestement eu lieu. Tous ces résultats permettent d'établir des cartes des vestiges pour l'étude archéologique et l'établissement d'un périmètre de protection du site.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This study proposes to investigate the archaeological remains covered by sediments in Qasr ʿAllam by developing a geophysical method adapted to the contexts of the site. The measurement of the magnetic total field with fluxgate vector magnetometers allows the design of multi-captor devices which enable an acquisition of data with a highly adjustable rapidity/density ratio. Thus, vertical and horizontal maps of the anomaly of the magnetic total field's intensity are established. The use and development of interpretative tools derived from the theory of potential fields in association with targeted excavations allow the procurement of information on the sources as well as the improvement of the method through field evidences. The results reveal the existence of a large and intricate irrigation system, of a massive cultic facility dating from the 8th/7th century before the Common Era, and of a smaller complex built a few centuries later. Evidences also show that a massive change from humid to arid environmental conditions took place during the time separating the two latter. All these results allow the establishment of maps of the remains for archaeological studies and the establishment of a perimeter of protection of the site.</dcterms:abstract>
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