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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'Action directe ou la confrontation de la violence extra légale à la violence légale en France (1871-1914)</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anarchisme</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’action directe apparut dès 1870, sous la plume de Bakounine. Celui-ci la comparait aux« prodiges de 1793 ». En 1870-1871, l’action directe fut clairement associée à la terreur et directement mise en application durant la Commune de Paris. Les anarchistes de la Fédération Jurassienne, fortement inspirés par Bakounine, donnèrent naissance à la propagande par le fait en 1877. Même si la définition que donnait Brousse était assez large, puisque qu’allant de l’insurrection armée, à la manifestation violente. Ce n’est qu’a partir des années 1890, que la propagande par le fait fut associée presque exclusivement aux attentats terroristes. Cependant, il est possible de considérer que la propagande par le fait ne s’arrêtât pas en 1894, avec la fin des attentats, mais au contraire se prolongeât sous une autre forme. Par la suite, l’action directe se poursuivit dans des moyens comme la désobéissance civile, la résistance passive ou encore la non-violence.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The direct action appeared from 1870, under the feather of Bakounine. Bakounine compared it with the “miracles of 1793”. In 1870-1871, the direct action was clearly associated with the terror and directly applied during the Commune of Paris. The anarchists of the Jurassian Federation, strongly inspired by Bakounine, gived birth to the propaganda by the fact in 1877. The anarchists of the Jurassian Federation had been strongly inspired by Bakounine. Even if the definition which gived Brousse was rather wide, because it goes of the armed uprising, in the violent demonstration. It is because has to leave 1890’s, that the propaganda by the fact was almost exclusively associated with terrorist attacks. However, the propaganda by the fact would not stop in 1894, with the end of attacks, but on the contrary would gon on under another shape. Besides the direct action continues in way as civil disobedience, passive resistance or still non-violence.</dcterms:abstract>
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