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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Copper transport and isotope fractionation in an agrosystem</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Le transport et le fractionnement isotopique du cuivre dans un agrosystème</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fongicides cupriques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biogéochimie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Isotopes stables</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Vignes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bassin versant</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Zone humide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Copper fungicides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biogeochemistry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stable isotopes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vineyard</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Soil</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Catchment</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033664064" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Isotopes stables en écologie</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="030660122" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Géochimie de l'environnement</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027828778" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Géochimie isotopique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, le traitement des vignes par des fongicides cupriques a engendré une augmentation de la teneur en cuivre (Cu) dans les sols viticoles, ainsi que dans les écosystèmes aquatiques en aval. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre le devenir de ce Cu dans un agrosystème basé sur l’étude du fractionnement isotopique du 65Cu/63Cu. Les résultats montrent que durant 4 à 5 décennies de culture de vignes, les sols en surface se sont enrichis en Cu de 9 à 28 fois par rapport au fond géochimique et que les minéraux argileux jouent un rôle important dans l’accumulation du Cu. Lors des événements pluvieux, ~1% du Cu appliqué est mobilisé, essentiellement lié à des argiles. Le bassin d’orage récoltant les lames ruisselantes retient en moyenne 68% du Cu dissous et plus de 92% du Cu particulaire. Les ratios isotopiques du Cu dans le bassin indiqueraient la sorption du Cu dissous dans les sédiments, ainsi que la réduction du Cu(II) in situ due à des processus biogéochimiques.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Since the end of the 19th century, the use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides has resulted in increased Cu concentrations in vineyard soils, but also in downstream aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the thesis was to better understand the fate of this Cu in an agrosystem based on assessing Cu isotope fractionation (65Cu/63Cu). The results have shown that the surface vineyard soils have become enriched in Cu from 9 to 28 times compared to the background level during 4 to 5 decades of vine-growing and that clay minerals were the major Cu sorbing phases in the soils. During rainfall, runoff mobilized ~1% of the applied Cu during the, mainly associated with clays. The stormwater wetland collecting the runoff retained in average 68% of the dissolved and more than 92% of particulate Cu. Cu isotope ratios measured in the wetland suggested dissolved Cu sorption to the sediments and in situ reduction of Cu(II) due to biogeochemical processes.</dcterms:abstract>
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