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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Prise de décision en situation risquée ou ambiguë chez les primates : quels sont les mécanismes cognitifs, biais de jugement et calculs économiques impliqués ? : Étude comparative chez les singes, les grands singes et l’Homme</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Decision-making under risk and ambiguity in primates : which cognitive mecanisms, errors ot judgment and economoic skills are involved? : Comparative study in monkeys, great apes and humans</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Primates</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Risque</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ambiguïté</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Prise de décision</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Compétences cognitives</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Économie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Primates</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Risk</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ambiguity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Decision making</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les animaux, comme les hommes, prennent quotidiennement des décisions en ayant une connaissance imparfaite des résultats potentiels. De nombreuses études s’intéressent aux mécanismes de la prise de décision, et pourtant leur origine évolutive reste peu connue. Ce travail combine éthologie et économie expérimentale, et met en oeuvre une approche ontogénique (enfants - adultes) et phylogénétique (singes -grands singes) afin de mieux comprendre l’universalité et l’origine des mécanismes de la prise de décision chez les primates. La méthode expérimentale – un jeu d’échange mimant des choix en situation incertaine – a été appliquée de manière comparable à toutes les espèces et les résultats analysés à l’aide des modèles économiques classiques. En situation risquée, singes et grands singes ont intégré les probabilités de gains et de pertes dans leur décision, ce que les enfants de moins de 5 ans ont été incapables. Néanmoins, tous les groupes étudiés ont exprimés des erreurs de jugement qui confirment donc une origine évolutive ancienne.Face à l’ambiguïté, les primates non-humains ont su adaptés leurs stratégies et globalement maximiser leurs bénéfices.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Animals, like people, have to deal with imperfect knowledge of potential out comes when making everyday life decisions. Many studies focus on mechanisms of decision making, yet their evolutionary origin remains unknown. To better understand the universality and the origin of the mechanisms of decision making in primates, this work combines an onto genetic approach (children - adults) and phylogenetic (monkeys - apes) associated with ethology and experimental economics. The experimental method - a gambling game - has been applied in a similar way to all species, and the results have been analyzed using classical economic models. Under risk, monkeys and apes have incorporated the probabilities of gains and losses in their decision,whereas children under 5 years old were unable. However, all groups studied expressed errors of judgment, therefore confirming an ancient evolutionary origin. Under ambiguity, non-human primates have managed to adapt their strategies to maximize their overall benefits.</dcterms:abstract>
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