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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Regulation of DNA methylation by DNA glycosylases MBD4 and TDG</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Régulation de la methylation de l'ADN par les glycosylases MBD4 et TDG</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Déméthylation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Glycosylase/lyase</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oxydation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Demethylation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">MBD4</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Glycosylases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Retro-elements</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oxidation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Chez les mammifères, la méthylation est une marque épigénétique ciblant la cytosine principalement dans un contexte CpG pour produire une 5mC. 5mC est très sensible à une déamination spontanée ou enzymatique, conduisant à la formation d'un mésappariement G/T. La 5mCpeut également être oxydée pour former successivement la 5hmC, la 5fC et la 5caC. Ces modifications de la 5mC participent aux processus actifs de déméthylation de l’ADN. Chez les mammifères, la thymine, dans le mésappariement G/T, est clivée par TDG et MBD4. TDG est également en mesure d'exciser 5fC et 5caC. Cette thèse avait pour but de clarifier la fonction de TDG et MBD4 dans la dynamique de la 5mC. Nous avons montré que MBD4 est associée aux protéines de réparation des mésappariements. Les tests enzymatiques, in vitro, montrent que le complexe MBD4/MMR a une activité bifonctionnelle (glycosylase/lyase) spécifique pour G/T, qui est régulée par la méthylation. Pour TDG, nous avons ciblé cette enzyme dans les cellules MEF et caractérisé la distribution des cytosines modifiées. Les résultats montrent des profils de méthylation/oxydation d'ADN qui sont régulés par TDG et surviennent principalement au niveau des répétitions de CA et dans les rétroéléments spécifiques de la lignée souris.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">In mammals, methylation is an epigenetic mark targeting cytosine mainly in a CpG context, producing 5mC. 5mC is highly sensitive to a spontaneous or enzymatic deamination leading to G/Tmismatch. 5mC can also be oxidized to 5- 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC. These modifications of 5mC participate in the active demethylation processes. In mammals, the thymine in G/T mismatch is cleaved by TDG and MBD4 glycosylases. TDG is able also to excise the 5fC and 5caC.This thesis was to clarify the function of TDG and MBD4 in the dynamics of 5mC. We showed that MBD4 is associated with PMS2, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins, four proteins involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). The in vitro enzymatic tests show that MBD4/MMR complex has a bifunctional glycosylase/lyase activity specific for G/T and is regulated by methylation.For TDG, we targeted this enzyme in MEF cells and characterized the distribution of modified cytosines. The results show that DNA methylation/oxidation patterns are regulated by TDG and occur mainly at CA repeats and at the mouse-lineage specific retro-elements.</dcterms:abstract>
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