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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Synthesis and role of melatonin in the retina of rodents</dc:title>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La mélatonine, hormone "donneuse de temps de l’organisme", en plus de sa synthèse principale dans la glande pinéale est produite dans la rétine où sa régulation et ses fonctions restent partiellement connues chez les mammifères. Le but de mon projet a été de caractériser l’expression temporelle et spatiale de la mélatonine et d’examiner son rôle potentiel dans la physiopathologie rétinienne. Une première partie a révélé au moins deux sites de production de la mélatonine dans la rétine : une synthèse nocturne de l'hormone dans les photorécepteurs de type cône ainsi qu'une production diurne dans les cellules ganglionnaires. Nos résultats ont démontré que la mélatonine peut agir par l'intermédiaire de son récepteur nommé MT1, localisés dans chacune des trois couches rétiniennes. Une seconde partie a mis en évidence que la mélatonine augmente la survie des photorécepteurs chez les rongeurs âgés en modulant l'activation de la voie de survie cellulaire via ses récepteurs MT1 et MT2.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Melatonin, a major hormonal "Zeitgeber" in the body, is produced in the pineal gland as well as the retina. In mammals its regulation and functions in this tissue are only partially understood. The aim of my project was to characterize the temporal and spatial expressions of melatonin as well as its potential roles in retinal physiopathology. In the first part, we identified the timing and sites of melatonin production. Notably, nocturnal synthesis occurs in the cones while diurnal production is seen in the ganglion cells. Our work also establishes that melatonin can act via its MT1-type receptors localized in the three retinal nuclear layers. The second axis demonstrated that melatonin increases photoreceptors viability via its receptors during the course of aging by modulating activation of an intracellular survival pathway.</dcterms:abstract>
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