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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Formation de galaxies pendant et après la réionisation</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réionisation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L'époque de la Réionisation est la transition d'un Univers rempli d'hydrogène neutre et relativement froid à un Univers rempli de gaz chaud et ionisé. Cette transition intervient à peine un milliard d'années après le Big Bang. Le processus de réionisation est dû à l'émission de photons ionisants par les premières étoiles et premières galaxies à se former. Le travail de cette thèse consiste en l'étude de la formation des galaxies pendant et après la Réionisation, et en particulier de l'impact de cette dernière sur la formation stellaire. En utilisant des modèles et des simulations numériques, il est possible d'étudier le processus de Réionisation de l'Univers en détail, avec comme contraintes les observations du milieu inter-galactique et des galaxies à haut redshift. Dans cette thèse, je me suis concentré dans un premier temps sur les effets de coupure de la formation stellaire pendant et après la Réionisation de manière globale. J'ai eu accès à des simulations d'un nouveau type, qui modélisent la propagation du rayonnement ionisant couplé avec la dynamique et avec l'évolution des propriétés de la matière dans un volume cosmologique. J’ai aussi étudié en détail l'impact de la Réionisation sur les plus petites galaxies, en particulier, le cas de leur distribution spatiale dans l'Univers local, dans le but de reproduire et comprendre certaines observations.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The Epoch of Reionization is the transition from a Universe full of cold and neutral hydrogen to a hot and ionized Universe: it occurs one billion years after the Big Bang. The Reionization is driven by the ionizing photons emitted by the first stars and galaxies. This thesis analyses the galaxy formation during and after the Reionization. Focusing on the feedback of the Reionization on the stellar formation. Using models and numerical simulations, we can study in details the Reionization process. Observations of galaxies and intergalactic medium at high redshift constrain those models, as well as observations of the local Universe, which is the only place where low luminosity galaxies can be observed. In this thesis, I focus on the radiative suppression of stellar formation caused by the Reionization. For this purpose, I used a new generation of simulations, able to take into account the radiative transfer as well as the hydrodynamics in a cosmological volume. I also studied in details the Reionization of the smallest galaxies, focusing on their spatial distribution in the local Universe to understand and reproduce the observations. I looked in particular at the distribution of satellites around M31-like galaxies and find that the observed vast plane of satellites can be reproduced in our models.</dcterms:abstract>
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