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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Toward particle size reduction by spray flash evaporation : the case of organic energetic crystals and cocrystals</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Réduction de la taille des particules par spray flash évaporation : le cas des cristaux et cocristaux organiques énergétiques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spray flash evaporation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Explosif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanoparticules</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">RDX</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cristallisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">CL-20</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Particules fines</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Spray flash evaporation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Explosive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nanoparticles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">RDX</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Crystallisation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">HMX</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fine particles</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La cristallisation en continu de nanoparticules énergétiques est un défi de longue date. Le Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) est une technique majeure développée et brevetée en interne, pour la production en continu de matériaux énergétiques submicroniques ou nanométriques ; la technologie se base sur la surchauffe d’un solvant pulvérisé dans le vide et s’évaporant de manière flash. Ce présent travail de recherche a pour but de comprendre et contrôler la cristallisation au sein du procédé SFE. Le RDX et le cocristal CL-20:HMX 2:1 sont étudiés. La sursaturation, concernant le SFE, est une fonction du temps et de l’espace liée aux tailles et vitesses de gouttes : elle fut variée par un anti-solvant et par l’amélioration du SFE avec un système double buse. Ensuite, PVP 40K et PEG 400 ont été utilisés afin de contrôler la nucléation et la croissance. Les particules ont pu être ajustées d’une taille de 160 nm à 5 µm, avec des morphologies facettées ou sphériques et avec des sensibilités moindres.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The continuous formation of nanosized energetic material is a long-standing challenge. Spray Flash Evaporation (SFE) is a major technique, internally developed and patented, for continuously producing energetic materials at submicron or nano scale; it relies on the superheating of a solvent sprayed into vacuum and thus flashing. This present research project aims to understand and control the crystallisation occurring in the SFE process. RDX and the cocrystal CL-20:HMX 2:1 was studied overcome the limited in situ characterizations also. The supersaturation is a function of time and space in SFE, linked to the size distribution and velocity of droplets. Supersaturation was raised with an anti-solvent and by the enhancement of the SFE with a dual nozzle system. Then PVP 40K and PEG 400 were successfully used to alter the nucleation and the growth. The particles were subsequently tuned from 160 nm spheres to 5 µm grains and were less sensitive, especially toward electrostatic discharge.</dcterms:abstract>
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