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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Multiwavelength study of the flaring activity of the supermassive black hole Sgr A* at the center of the Milky Way</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Accrétion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mécanismes radiatifs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Multi-longueurs d'onde</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">XMM-Newton</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sgr A*</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Accretion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Radiation mecanisms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Multiwavelengths</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027861406" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Rayonnement extraterrestre</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Sgr A*, le trou noir supermassif le plus proche de nous, émet une luminosité quiescente très faible ainsi que des éruptions en infrarouge proche (NIR), rayons X et radio. Cette thèse a pour but d'étudier l'effet du passage de DSO/G2 près de Sgr A* sur les éruptions. J'ai utilisé et amélioré trois méthodes pour l'étude en rayons X : les blocs Bayésiens en deux passes pour détecter les éruptions avec une certaine probabilité, le lissage des courbes de lumières pour diminuer le bruit de Poisson et la méthode de Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov pour l'ajustement des spectres des éruptions. J'ai contraint les paramètres physiques de la source pour une des 3 éruptions détectées en rayons X en 2011 et pour 3 éruptions détectées en rayons X et NIR durant la campagne multi-longueurs d'onde de février-avril 2014. L'activité en rayons X et NIR de février-avril 2014 correspond à celle observée avant le passage de DSO/G2 près de Sgr A*. J'ai calculé le taux d'éruption intrinsèque en rayons X de Sgr A* en 1999-2015 et détecté une plus faible activité à partir du 28 octobre 2013. L'énergie stockée pendant cette période peut expliquer la plus forte activité observée du 30 août au 9 septembre 2014.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Sgr A*, the closest supermassive black hole, is an extremely low luminosity black hole emitting flares in near-infrared (NIR), X-rays and radio. The goal of this Ph.D. is to study the impact of the pericenter passage of the Dusty S-cluster Object DSO/G2 close to Sgr A* on the flaring activity. I used and improved three methods for the study in X-rays: the two-steps Bayesian blocks method to detect flares with a given false detection probability, the light curve smoothing to reduce the Poisson noise and the Monte Carlo Markov chains method for the fitting of the flare spectra. I constrained the physical parameters of the flaring region for one of the three X-ray flares detected in 2011 and for three NIR/X-ray flares detected during the 2014 Feb.-Apr. multiwavelength campaign. The X-ray and NIR activity during the 2014 Feb.-Apr. is not different from those observed before the DSO/G2 pericenter passage. I computed the intrinsic flaring rate in X-rays from Sgr A* in 1999-2015 and I detected a smaller flaring activity beginning on 2013 Oct. 28. The energy saved during this time period could explain the largest activity observed from 2014 Aug. 30 to Sept. 9.</dcterms:abstract>
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