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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Cavity quantum electrodynamics : from photonic crystals to Rydberg atoms</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Optique non linéaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cavité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cristal photonique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transport d'excitons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polaritons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Atomes froids</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bunching</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Atomes de Rydberg</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nonlinear optics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cavity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Photonic crystal</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Excitons transport</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polaritons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cold atoms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bunching</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Rydberg atoms</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse, nous étudions la possibilité d’améliorer le couplage opto- mechanique photon-phonon entre le mode de résonance d’une cavité Fabry-Pérot de haute finesse et les vibrations mécaniques des éléments diélectriques (membranes) à l’intérieur de la cavité. En introduisant un défaut quadratique dans la disposition des membranes, nous montrons que le deux couplages (linéaire et quadratique) augmentent. Enfin, nous proposons un modèle très simple avec lequel on cherche à simuler un cristal photonique quasipériodique. Dans le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse, nous présentons nos résultats de recherche sur le transport d’excitons à travers une cavité visant à augmenter l’efficacité du transport. Le modèle que l’on étudie est une chaîne unidimensionnelle d’atomes froids comprenant chacun deux niveaux énergétiques. Grâce au couplage entre exciton et photon, ces deux quanta s’hybrident et forment deux branches de polariton à l’intérieur de la cavité. Nous avons observé qu’à résonance avec un des deux modes de polariton, on peut transmettre l’exciton via le mode polaritonique dans un temps très court. En outre, le désordre n’affecte la propagation excitonique que de façon algébrique. Dans le troisième chapitre de cette thèse, nous présentons nos résultats de recherche sur la réalisa- tion d’interactions entre photons grâce à la médiation d’atomes ultrafroids piégés dans un réseaux optique unidimensionnelle et placés à l’intérieur d’une fibre à cristaux photoniques. Nous avons détecté un régime dans lequel on peut réaliser le “bunching” photon-photon.Dans le quatrième et dernière chapitre de cette thèse, nous étendons les résultats du chapitre précédent aux atomes de Rydberg.</dcterms:abstract>
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