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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="033521549" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Troubles du métabolisme des lipides</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="028865995" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Acides gras insaturés</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La SLA est une maladie neurodégénérative grave touchant l’adulte qui se caractérise principalement par la perte sélective des neurones moteurs cortico-spinaux et des motoneurones bulbaires et spinaux. La SLA se caractérise également par des altérations de l’homéostasie énergétique et du métabolisme des lipides. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était, dans un premier temps, d’identifier des changements dans la composition en acides gras, dans le sang, comme potentiels biomarqueurs diagnostiques et pronostiques de la SLA. Dans un second temps, le but était de moduler ces changements, par des approches nutritionnelles, afin de mieux comprendre l’implication d’un métabolisme lipidique altéré dans le processus pathologique de la SLA. Ces travaux ont montré que des taux élevés d’acides gras mono-insaturés (MUFA), ainsi que des taux diminués d’acides gras poly-insaturés (PUFA), sont associés à un meilleur pronostic. L’analyse des effets de la modification de la composition en acides gras, dans des modèles de dénervation pathologique et lésionnelle, a confirmé l’implication de l’antagonisme MUFA/PUFA dans le processus neurodégénératif. Ces travaux font apparaitre des mises en garde quant à l’utilisation des acides gras dans des approches à visée thérapeutique pour la SLA.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. The disease is also characterized by alterations of energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The objective of this PhD work was, first, to identify changes in fatty acid composition of lipids in blood of ALS patients, as potential diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers of the disease. The second goal was to modulate these changes, by nutritional approaches, in order to better understand the involvement of an altered lipid metabolism in the pathological process. Our results showed that high levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), as well as low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are associated with a better prognosis. The analysis of the effects of a modified fatty acid composition in both pathological and lesion models of denervation, has confirmed implication of the antagonistic relationship between MUFA and PUFA in the neurodegenerative process. This work suggests a cautious usage of fatty acids in therapeutic approaches targeting ALS.</dcterms:abstract>
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