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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Théories de l'évolution et biotechnologies : d'une controverse à l'autre</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biotechnologies</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DPI</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">OGM agricoles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Évolutionnisme</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biotechnology</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PGD</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">GMOs in agriculture</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Evolutionism</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="09096912X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Diagnostic préimplantatoire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Certaines applications issues des biotechnologies sont actuellement controversées d’un point de vue sociotechnique. A l’analyse, il s’avère que les protagonistes de ces controverses utilisent des arguments évolutionnistes de façon récurrente à propos de questions très diverses et parfois de façon apparemment contradictoire. Afin de comprendre les raisons d’un tel usage, d’une part, nous avons procédé dans cette thèse à une analyse de discours des controverses relatives au diagnostic préimplantatoire (DPI) et aux OGM agricoles à partir d’essais et d’articles issus de revues spécialisées ou de vulgarisation. D’autre part, nous avons effectué une étude de l’histoire de l’évolutionnisme scientifique et non scientifique. Nous avons ainsi pu établir que se rejoue à travers ces controverses sociotechniques une partie des controverses structurantes de la pensée évolutionniste et que l’évolutionnisme constitue un cadre de représentations prégnant permettant de débattre collectivement des nouvelles techniques du vivant.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Some biotechnologies are currently socially debated. One may notice that the protagonists of the controversies make regular use of evolutionist warrants concerning very diverse subjects and sometimes in an apparently contradictory way. In order to understand this fact, on the one hand, we analysed controversies relating to preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and GMOs in agriculture on the basis of some essays, review papers and newspaper articles. On the other hand, we studied the history of scientific and non-scientific evolutionist theories. Thus, we established that some essential controversies of evolutionism were repeated into the social controversies about PGD and GMOs and that evolutionism represents a meaningful framework in which new biotechnologies can be collectively debated.</dcterms:abstract>
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