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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La reconnexion magnétique explosive dans les nappes de courant multiples : application à l'environnement des pulsars</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Explosive magnetic reconnection in multiple current-sheets : application to the environment of pulsars</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reconnexion magnétique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Instabilité résistive</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modes de double déchirement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Magnétohydrodynamique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Particules-test</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Éruptions de la nébuleuse du Crabe</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Magnetic reconnection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Resistive instability</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Double-tearing modes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Magnetohydrodynamics</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027578062" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Magnétohydrodynamique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027820130" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Orages magnétiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La Nébuleuse du Crabe, contenant en son centre une étoile à neutrons très magnétisée – le pulsar du Crabe, était essentiellement considérée comme une chandelle standard stable dans les rayons-gamma. Récemment, ce point de vue a été contredit par des éruptions en rayons-gamma observées par les satellites spatiaux AGILE/Fermi-LAT. Même si le vent magnétique relativiste du pulsar est considéré comme la source d’énergie, le mécanisme physique à la base de ces événements éruptifs est encore un mystère. Nous avons, dans cette thèse, amélioré la compréhension d’un mécanisme basé sur la reconnexion magnétique rapide, partant du modèle du vent magnétique généré par le pulsar central qui perd son énergie rotationnelle. En effet, la structure du vent magnétique implique la présence des stries à lignes de champ magnétique de polarités alternées (d’où le nom "vent strié") à travers le plan équatorial du pulsar. Dans un modèle simplifié local, nous supposons l’initiation de la dynamique à partir d’une configuration à double nappe de courant (induite par la structure magnétique) dans le repère du vent strié.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The Crab Nebula, containing in its center a highly magnetized neutron star - the Crab pulsar, was essentially considered as a standard steady-state candle in gamma rays. Recently, this point of view has been challenged by gamma-ray flares observed by space satellites AGILE/Fermi-LAT. Even if the relativistic magnetic wind of the pulsar is considered to be the source of energy, the physical mechanism underlying these eruptive events is still a mystery. In this thesis, we improved the understanding of a mechanism based on fast magnetic reconnection, starting from the model of the magnetic wind generated by the central pulsar which loses its rotational kinetic energy. Indeed, the structure of the magnetic wind implies the presence of stripes with magmatic field lines of alternating polarities (hence the name "striped wind") through the equatorial plane of the pulsar. In a simplified local model, we assume the initiation of the dynamics from a double-current sheet configuration (induced by the magnetic structure) in the striped wind reference.</dcterms:abstract>
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