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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Microscopie à grille locale comme outil d’extraction des propriétés électroniques locales en transport quantique</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transport quantique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Théorie de la diffusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Contact quantique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Quantification de la conductance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Simulations numériques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Quantum transport</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Scattering theory</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Quantum point contacts</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conductance quantization</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027877779" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Résistance électrique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La technique de la microscopie à grille de balayage (SGM) consiste à mesurer la conductance d'un gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons (2DEG) sous l'influence d'une pointe balayant la surface de l'échantillon. Dans ce travail, une approche analytique complétée par des simulations numériques est développée pour étudier la relation entre les mesures SGM et les propriétés électroniques locales dans des systèmes mésoscopiques. La correspondance entre la réponse SGM et la densité locale partielle (PLDOS) est étudiée pour un contact quantique entouré d’un 2DEG en présence ou en absence de désordre, pour une pointe perturbative ou non perturbative. Une correspondance SGM-PLDOS parfaite est trouvée pour des transmissions entières et des pointes locales. La dégradation de la correspondance en dehors de cette situation est étudiée. D’autre part, la liaison entre la réponse SGM et la transformée de Hilbert de la densité locale est discutée. Pour étudier le rôle de la force de la pointe sur la conductance SGM, une formule analytique donnant la conductance totale est obtenue. Dans le cas d'une pointe à taille finie nous proposons une méthode basée sur les fonctions de Green permettant de calculer la conductance en connaissant les propriétés non-perturbées. En plus, nous avons étudié la dépendance des branches de la PLDOS en fonction de l’énergie de Fermi.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The scanning gate microscopy (SGM) technique consists in measuring the conductance of a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) under the influence of a scanning tip. In this work, an analytical approach complemented by numerical simulations is developed to study the connection between SGM measurements and local electronic properties in mesoscopic devices. The connection between the SGM response and the partial local density of states (PLDOS) is studied for the case of a quantum point contact surrounded by clean or disordered 2DEG for perturbative or non-perturbative, local or extended tips. An SGM-PLDOS correspondence is found for integer transmissions and local tips. The degradation of this correspondence out of these conditions is studied. Moreover, a presumed link between the SGM response and the Hilbert transform of the LDOS is discussed. To study the role of the tip strength, an analytical formula giving the full conductance in the case of local tips is obtained. Furthermore, a Green function method enabling to calculate the quantum conductance in the presence of a finite size tip in terms of the unperturbed properties is proposed. Finally the dependence of the PLDOS branches on the Fermi energy is studied.</dcterms:abstract>
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