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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Tests de la matière noire et de gravitations alternatives avec les courants de marée stellaires de la Voie Lactée</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Tests of the Dark Matter and of alternatives gravitational theories with the tidal streams of the Milky Way</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Astrophysique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Galaxie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gravité modifiée</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Durant cette thèse, nous avons exploré l'impact qu'engendre une modification de la gravitation sur les courants de marée. Nous avons effectuer les premières simulations N-corps de la formation d'un courant de marée galactique dans le paradigme MOND. Nous avons comparer les résultats ainsi obtenus aux prédictions du modèle standard de la cosmologie, ΛCMD, dans le but de trouver des différences entres-elles qui pourraient être observables. Nous avons remarqué que la brisure du principe d'équivalence fort engendrée une telle modification de la gravitation conduisait les amas globulaires à avoir une morphologie ovoïdale, contrairement à la dynamique Newtonienne où ceux-ci sont elliptiques. Cette morphologie des amas génère également une asymétrie de longueur et de nombre entre les deux bras d'un courant de marée similaire à celle observée récemment dans le courant de Palomar 5.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">During this thesis, we explored the impact of a modification of the gravitation on the tidal streams. We made the first N-body simulations of the formation of a galactic tidal stream in the MOND paradigm. We compared the results obtained with the predictions of the standard model of the cosmology, ΛCMD, with the aim of finding differences between them that can be observed. We have noticed that the break of the strong equivalence principle generated by a such modification of the gravitation led to a lopsided morphology of the globular clusters, contrary to their elliptical shape in Newtonian dynamics. This morphology of the cluster also generates an asymmetry of length and of number between the two arms of a tidal stream similar to that observed recently in the Palomar 5 stream.</dcterms:abstract>
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