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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Cateslytine et Chromofungine, deux peptides dérivés de la chromogranine A qui sont de nouveaux acteurs des systèmes immunitaires et cardiaques</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cateslytin and Chromofungin, two CgA derived peptides actors of the immune and cardiac systems</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Chromofungine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cateslytine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Staphylococcus aureus</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cardioprotection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Valves cardiaques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Peptides antimicrobiens</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chromofungin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cateslytin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Staphylococcus aureus</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cardioprotection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cardiac valves</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La CgA est une pro-hormone stockée dans les granules de sécrétion et elle subit une maturation protéolytique conduisant à la formation d’un très grand nombre de peptides dérivés. La Chromofungine (Chr: CgA47-66) et la Cateslytine (Ctl: CgA344–358) possèdent des propriétés antimicrobiennes. Staphylococcus aureus est un pathogène très virulent qui provoque un très grand nombre de graves infections cliniques et il représente une des causes principales des infections nosocomiales et la destruction du tissu endocardiaque après implantation de valve cardiaque. La première partie de l’étude nous avons montré que la Chr induise un effet inotropique négatif sans changement de la pression coronarienne. L’activation de la voie de signalisation AKT/eNOS/cGMP/PKG est responsable de cet effet de Chr. Nous avons aussi montré que Chr agit comme un agent de post-conditionnement contre les effets négatifs de l’ischémie/reperfusion, a responsables de cette cardio-protection impliquent les cascades de signalisation PI3K, RISK, MitoKATP et miRNA-21. Dans le but d’élaborer un nouveau revêtement de valves cardiaques le peptide D*T*Ctl se révèle intéressant dans des conditions non oxydantes car (1) il présente une activité antimicrobienne contre S. aureus; (2) en présence de S. aureus il permet par clivage protéolytique de libérer le peptide Ctl actif. Une première expérience réalisée in vivo a montré le rôle de Ctl pour combattre l’infection à S. aureus au niveau systémique et au niveau cardiaque, mais aussi assurer la protection du myocarde.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">CgA is a pro-hormone costored in secretory granules and numerous cleavage products of this protein have been identified. Chromofungin (Chr: CgA47-66) and Cateslytin (Ctl: CgA344–358) are peptides that display antimicrobial activities.Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of a wide range of severe clinical infections and one of the most important cause of hospital-acquired infections and leading infective cause of destruction of endocardial tissue after implantation of prosthetic heart valve. The first part of the study, we found that Chr induced negative inotropic effects without changing coronary pressure. The AKT/eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway mediated this action. We also found that Chr acted as a postconditioning agent against ischemia/reperfusion damages. Cardioprotection involved PI3K, RISK pathway, MitoKATPand miRNA-21. In order to develop a new coating of cardiac valves, the peptide D*T *Ctl proves to be useful under non-oxidizing conditions because (1) it exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. aureus; (2) in the presence of S. aureus, it allows proteolytic cleavage to release the active Ct1 peptide.In the last part of this thesis we showed in vivo the antibacterial role of Ctl against S. aureus infection at the systemic and cardiac levels, but also its cardioprotective action.</dcterms:abstract>
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