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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Disruption of model membranes' phase behavior upon interaction with hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Altération du comportement de phase des membranes modèles lipidiques lors de l'interaction avec des molécules hydrophiliques/hydrophobiques</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Membranes modèles de lipides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transition de phase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Coexistence de phase</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polystyrène</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cholesterol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Saccharose</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Microscopie confocal</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lipid model membrane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phase transition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phase coexistence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polystyrene</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cholesterol</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Sucrose</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Confocal microscopy</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027675505" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Transitions de phases</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail concerne l’altération du comportement de phase de membranes lipidiques lors de leur interaction avec des molécules hydrophiles ou hydrophobes. L’utilisation de sondes moléculaires de fluorescence sensibles à leur micro-environnement constitue un aspect majeur de ce travail. Les techniques de spectroscopie de fluorescence et de microscopie confocale ont été mises à profit pour l’étude du comportement de ces sondes, donnant accès au degré de compacité et d’ordre dans les membranes.Nos résultats montrent que le polystyrène, un plastique rencontré de façon commune dans les régions polluées des océans, présente la capacité de modifier le comportement de phase des membranes lipidiques, entrant notamment en compétition avec le cholestérol.Nous avons montré que la présence élevée de sucres, tel que l’on peut le rencontrer dans certaines situations relevant de la bio-préservation, a pour effet de rompre la qualité de compaction des lipides, et nous avons proposé un nouveau modèle thermodynamique pour interpréter nos résultats.Enfin, les effets sur la membrane de l’incorporation d’un polymère amphiphile comportant un cholestérol greffé ont été étudiés, dans le cadre de l’élaboration de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques à base de lipides.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This work focuses on the alterations of lipid membrane phase behavior upon interaction with hydrophobic and hydophilic molecules. One major aspect of this thesis is the employement of environment sensitive probes to obtain information on the lipid bilayer packing by means of confocal spectral imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results show that polystyrene, a commonly found plastic in ocean wastes, has the ability to disrupt the lipid bilayer phase behavior and has a competitive interaction with cholesterol. The presence of high concentration of sugars, relevant in the field of biopreservation, has been found to alter the lipid bilayer packing and a new thermodynamics model has been proposed to complement the experimental results. Finally, the effects of an amphiphilic cholesterol-grafted polymer on model membrane was investigated, providing insight into potential new lipid therapeutic strategies.</dcterms:abstract>
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