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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Ecoulements dans des fractures et milieux poreux en évolution</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Milieux granuleux et poreux</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diffusion de la pression interstitielle</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse est une étude expérimentale de la transformation lente et rapide d’un milieu poreux sous l’action de l’écoulement d’un fluide. Le processus rapide est une déformation mécanique avec formation de canaux en raison de la forte pression du fluide, alors que le processus lent correspond à l’évolution chimique des fractures. L’étude de la déformation rapide est effectuée grâce à l’injection d’air à pression constante dans un milieu granulaire sec ou saturé. Par des techniques d’imagerie nous avons pu caractériser l’invasion par des motifs de Saffman-Taylor ; la déformation du milieu ; ainsi que les régimes d’écoulement et la dynamique de croissance des canaux. La pression interstitielle est évaluée numériquement et utilisée pour caractériser la rhéologie. L’étude de la transformation lente repose sur des expériences où de l’eau distillée est injecté à débit constant à travers un échantillon de calcaire fracturé. En comparant l’ouverture des fractures mesurées avant et après l’écoulement, nous avons caractérisé l’évolution des fractures pour différentes durées d’écoulement réactif.</dcterms:abstract>
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