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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Changements microstructuraux et diversité microbienne associés à l'altération des silicates : influence sur les cinétiques de dissolution du laboratoire au terrain</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Microstructural changes and microbial diversity associated with silicate weathering : influence on dissolution kinetics from the laboratory to the field</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Zone critique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Altération biotique</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Feldspar minerals</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’altération des roches silicatées constitue le dénominateur commun d’une multitude de problématiques environnementales et sociétales. Du fait de la difficulté d’extrapoler au milieu naturel les cinétiques de dissolution des minéraux mesurées in vitro, cette thèse propose de réviser en profondeur l’approche actuelle de la réactivité minérale du laboratoire au terrain. Ce travail démontre que l’évolution intrinsèque des propriétés texturales et structurales de l’interface réactive au cours de la dissolution induit des variations de vitesse qui ne peuvent être expliquées dans le cadre des théories thermocinétiques classiques. Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode permettant de sonder la réactivité biogéochimique des minéraux sur le terrain et de révéler les interactions réciproques entre le minéral et le monde microbien au sein de la minéralosphère. Nous démontrons la pertinence des phénomènes de passivation pour l’altération de surface et l’incapacité des microorganismes à les surmonter.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is central to numerous environmental and societal challenges. This study addresses the long-standing question of the inconsistency between field and laboratory estimates of dissolution kinetics, by revisiting current approaches of mineral reactivity. It is demonstrated that evolution of feldspar reaction rates are inaccurately describedby current kinetics rate laws, due to textural and structural changes occurring at the fluid-mineral interface over the course of the dissolution process. A novel method is developed to enable probing biogeochemical weathering rates in the field. Bacterial and fungal metagenomic data reveal that subtle reciprocal relationships are established between microorganisms and mineral substrates within the mineralosphere. This thesis emphasizes the impact of passivation phenomena on dissolution rates, under field-relevant reacting conditions and the incapacity of microorganisms to overcome the passivation barrier.</dcterms:abstract>
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