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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anomalies magnétiques marines</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif de ce travail est d’améliorer la caractérisation des sources à l’origine d’anomalies magnétiques, par le biais de développements théoriques et expérimentaux. Pour des structures invariantes dans une direction horizontale (structures à 2D), l’idée de Nabighian (1972) a été généralisée, ce qui implique une nouvelle façon d’étudier les méthodes potentielles à 2D. Ces développements ont permis de proposer une nouvelle approche théorique et de nouvelles représentations dans le plan complexe des fonctions magnétiques. La deuxième approche de ce travail est expérimentale. Une étude y est faite par le biais de données et de cas synthétiques, afin d’estimer l’apport d’acquisitions magnétiques à différentes altitudes pour caractériser une source. Dans un troisième temps, les développements théoriques et expérimentaux sont mis en œuvre pour deux exemples : des anomalies magnétiques en domaine océanique de type Vine et Mathews et une cartographie pour l’archéologie.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Magnetic anomalies recorded outside bodies provide high quality information relative to buried structures. By using theoretical and experimental developments, this thesis aims to improve the characterization of the source inducing the magnetic anomaly. Firstly, some properties of three dimensional magnetic functions are presented, for example the presence of several maxima of the analytic signal operator (3D) is demonstrated. The Nabighian (1972) equation is generalized, which imply a new process to study potential method in two dimensions. These developments enable a new visualization of the anomaly in the complex field. The second approach is experimental. Synthetic cases are used to estimate the contribution of different configurations of magnetic data acquisitions at different altitudes to characterize the magnetic source. Theoretical and experimental developments are finally applied to two field examples: oceanic magnetic anomalies and archaeological magnetic prospection</dcterms:abstract>
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