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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Impact des contraintes physiques sur la maturation des mégacaryocytes : rôle de la rigidité de l'environnement</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Impact of physical constraints on megakaryocytes’ maturation : role of the environmental stiffness</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mégacaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rigidité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Environnement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mécanobiologie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Culture 3D</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Megakaryocyte</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Stiffness</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mechanobiology</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="02742328X" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Différenciation cellulaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031286607" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Transduction du signal cellulaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031362036" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Protéines du cytosquelette</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La mégacaryopoïèse regroupe l’ensemble des processus de différenciation et de maturation des mégacaryocytes (MKs) dans le but de produire des plaquettes capables d’arrêter les saignements. Or ces mécanismes sont mal connus. Afin de mieux les comprendre, nous avons mimé l’environnement médullaire in vitro, en 3D à l’aide d’un hydrogel de rigidité comparable à celle de la moelle osseuse. Dans cette étude nous avons: i) caractérisé le comportement physique de l’hydrogel de méthylcellulose et mis au point la culture de progéniteurs mégacaryocytaires dans ce système, ii) montré la capacité du MK à ressentir les contraintes physiques de son environnement, ainsi que, iii) l’impact de ces contraintes sur la maturation des MKs et la génération des proplaquettes, et enfin, iv) mis en évidence l’existence d’une réponse cellulaire des MKs à la rigidité. Les MKs sont « mécanosensibles », c’est-à-dire capables de ressentir les modifications physiques de leur environnement et de s’y adapter. L’activation de voies de mécanotransduction (dont MKL1) et la réorganisation du cytosquelette en réponse aux contraintes physiques extracellulaires favorisent la maturation des MKs, en termes de ploïdie, d’ultrastructure et in fine de génération de proplaquettes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Megakaryopoiesis is the process of differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes (MKs) in the aim to produce platelets able to prevent hemorrhages. These mechanisms are not well known. To better understand the process of platelet formation, we mimicked the medullar microenvironment in vitro, in 3D using hydrogel of stiffness comparable to the bone marrow. In this study we: i) characterized the physical properties of the hydrogel and design the culture of hematopoietic progenitors in this system, ii) showed the MKs ability to feel the physical constraints of their environment, then iii) showed the impact of these constraints on the MK maturation and proplatelet generation, and finally iv) highlighted the MK response to stiffness. MKs are “mecanosensitives”, being able to feel and to adapt to the physicals modifications of the environment. The activation of mechanotransduction pathways (including MKL1) and the cytoskeleton reorganization in response to extracellular physical constraints improves MK maturation, in terms of ploïdy, ultrastructure and ultimately proplatelet generation.</dcterms:abstract>
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