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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la mort oligodendrocytaire induite par la protéolipide-protéine mutée : rôle du stress du réticulum endoplasmique et identification des modulateurs à fort potentiel pour le traitement des pathologies dysmyélinisantes</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of proteolipid protein mutation-induced oligodendrocyte death : role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and identification of modulatory compounds with high potential for the treatment of dysmyelinating disorders</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Apoptose</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Maladies de la myéline</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Neuroprotection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oligodendrocytes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pelizaeus- Merzbacher</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Stress du réticulum endoplasmique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">4-Phénylbutyrate</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Apoptosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endoplasmic reticulum stress</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neuroprotection</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Myelin diseases</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">4-Phenylbutyrate</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les mutations de la protéolipide-protéine (PLP) entraînent la mort des oligodendrocytes (OL) et les pathologies de la myéline. Pour contribuer à l'élucidation des mécanismes impliqués, ce travail de thèse, qui a utilisé des lignées d'OL 158N (normale) et 158JP (porteuse de PLP mutée), démontre une mortalité élevée des cultures 158JP comparées aux témoins. Une hausse du ratio Bax (pro-)/Bcl2 (anti-apoptose) est observée chez les 158JP. La protéine BiP, marqueur de stress du réticulum endoplasmique (SRE), est surexprimée chez les 158JP. L'exposition au SRE induit par la tunicamycine a révélé que la DE50 pour les 158JP est 67 fois plus faible que la DE50 pour les 158N. Les 158JP surexpriment aussi les protéines CHOP et caspase-12 qui déterminent le basculement des processus intracellulaires vers l'apoptose. Le 4-Phénylbutyrate, inhibiteur du SRE, améliore la survie des 158JP et diminue les marqueurs du SRE et de l'apoptose. Des perspectives intéressantes sont ouvertes pour l'exploration de stratégies efficaces contre les pathologies dysmyélinisantes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Mutations of proteolipid-protein (PLP) cause oligodendrocyte (OL) death and myelin disorders. To contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms involved, the present PhD work has used 158N (normal) and 158JP (mutated PLP) OL lines, to show the occurrence of a high cell death percentage in 158JP OL cultures compared to the controls. An increased Bax (pro-)/Bcl2 (anti-apoptosis) ratio is evidenced in 158JP cells. Also, the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker (SRE) BiP is overexpressed in 158JP OL. Exposure of 158N and 158JP cells to tunicamycin-induced SRE revealed that the ED50 for 158JP OL is 67 times lower than the ED50 for 158N OL. Proteins CHOP and caspase-12, that pivotally determine the switching from survival to apoptotic pathways, are upregulated in 158JP cells. 4-Phenylbutyrate, a SRE inhibitor, which improves 158JP cell survival, also decreases the levels of SRE and apoptosis markers in 158JP OL. The thesis opens promising perspectives for the development of effective strategies against myelin disorders.</dcterms:abstract>
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