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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Évaluation de l'impact des antibiotiques sur la formation de biofilms par P. aeruginosa : place de l'Antibiofilmogramme®</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biofilms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Biofilm Ring Test®</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Antibiofilmogramme®</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cristal Violet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Co-culture cellulaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">DNase I</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cystic fibrosis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biofilms</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biofilm Ring Test®</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Antibiofilmogram®</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DNase I</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les patients mucoviscidosiques sont prédisposés à une colonisation chronique de l’arbre bronchique par P. aeruginosa. Ce pathogène opportuniste se caractérise par sa capacité à adhérer à une surface et à y former un biofilm protecteur, hautement tolérant aux agents antimicrobiens. En routine, les antibiogrammes sont effectués sur des cultures bactériennes planctoniques. L’efficacité des antibiothérapies ainsi sélectionnées est donc peu probante pour l’éradication des biofilms bactériens. La réalisation d’Antibiofilmogrammes® sur des isolats cliniques mucoviscidosiques (nouvel outil évaluant la sensibilité des bactéries sessiles aux antibiotiques) a permis de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d’inhibition et d’induction de la formation du biofilm. Plus précisément, les aminosides sont capables de retarder l’adhérence bactérienne. À l’inverse, la famille des β-lactamines présente la capacité de stimuler l’adhésion précoce des micro-organismes. Ces différents effets de l’antibiothérapie générale sur le comportement microbien se vérifient par l’intermédiaire de techniques conventionnelles in vitro (Cristal Violet, traitement enzymatique à la DNase I) et cellulaires (modèle de co-culture statique cellules eucaryotes/bactéries). La pertinence clinique de l’Antibiofilmogramme® se confirme donc par sa capacité à détecter l’initiation précoce de l’adhésion bactérienne, à sélectionner les molécules l’inhibant et à écarter celles pouvant l’induire. Associée aux antibiogrammes traditionnels, son application peu permettre d’affiner les stratégies thérapeutiques pour le traitement des infections pulmonaires chroniques développées au cours de la mucoviscidose.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are predisposed to chronic colonisation of the upper airways by P. aeruginosa. This opportunist pathogen is characterized by its ability to adhere to a surface and to form a protective biofilm, which is highly tolerant to antimicrobials. In routine, antibiograms are realised on planktonic bacterial cultures. The efficacy of the corresponding antimicrobial therapies appears low for the eradication of bacterial biofilms. The realisation of Antibiofilmograms® on CF clinical isolates (a new tool investigating the susceptibility of sessile bacteria to antibiotics) highlighted phenomena of biofilm formation inhibition and induction. More precisely, aminoglycosides are able to delay the bacterial adherence. Conversely, the β-lactam family shows the ability to stimulate the early adhesion of microorganisms. These different effects of antimicrobials on the bacterial behaviour are confirmed with more conventional in vitro methods (Crystal Violet, enzymatic treatment with DNase I) and a cell model (static co-culture of eukaryotic cells and bacteria). The clinical relevance of the Antibiofilmogram® is reinforced by its ability to detect the initiation of the early bacterial adhesion, to select inhibitor molecules and to avoid the inducer ones. Associated to traditional antibiograms, its application should be pertinent to optimise the CF therapies for the treatment of chronic lung infections.</dcterms:abstract>
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