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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Biogenèse et fonctions de petits ARN non-codants dérivant d'ARN de transfert, les tRF, chez les plantes</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TRF</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ARNt</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Petits ARN non-codants</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">RNS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inhibition de la traduction</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TRNA</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Small non-coding RNAs</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">RNS</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Translation inhibition</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031445551" autoriteSource="Sudoc">ARN de transfert</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="084039078" autoriteSource="Sudoc">ARN non codants</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027623157" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Transcription génétique</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Des petits ARN non codants dérivant d'ARN de transfert (tRF) ont été identifiés dans tous les domaines de la vie, et de plus en plus de fonctions importantes leur sont attribuées chez de nombreux organismes. Dans ce travail mené sur la plante modèle Arabidopsis, nous avons d’abord montré que la population en tRF varie en fonction des tissus et des conditions de stress. Concernant leur biogenèse, les endoribonucléases responsables du clivage des ARNt ont été identifiées, il s'agit des RNases T2, RNS1, 2 et 3. Afin de réaliser une étude structure/fonction, une approche d’expression en système de levure a été initiée pour permettre l’obtention de quantité suffisante de RNS1 purifiée. L’étude des fonctions des tRF montre que certains d’entre eux sont associés à AGO1, qu'ils semblent cibler entre-autres des éléments transposables et qu’ils pourraient avoir une localisation nucléaire. Enfin, deux tRF, le tRF-5D (Ala) et le tRF-5D (Asn) inhibent efficacement la traduction in vitro. Une association de tRF-5D (Ala) aux polyribosomes de plantules d'Arabidopsis a pu être visualisée, suggérant que certains tRF puissent agir en tant que régulateur global de la traduction.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Small non-coding RNAs derived from transfer RNAs (tRFs) have been identified in all domains of life, and more and more important functions are attributed to them in many organisms. In this work on the model plant Arabidopsis, we first showed that the tRF population varies according to tissues and stress conditions. With regard to their biogenesis, the endoribonucleases responsible for tRNA cleavage were identified, it is the RNases T2, RNS1, 2 and 3. In order to carry out a structure / function analysis, heterologous expression in yeast has been developed with the hope to get sufficient amount of purified RNS1. The question of tRF functions has also been studied. It has been shown that some tRFs are associated with AGO1, that they often seem to target transposable elements and could have a nuclear localization. Finally, the study of the involvement of the tRFs in the regulation of translation was tackled. Two tRFs, tRF-5D (Ala) and tRF-5D (Asn) efficiently inhibit translation in vitro. An association of tRF-5D (Ala) with polyribosomes of Arabidopsis seedlings could be visualized suggesting that some plant tRFs could as global regulator of the translation process.</dcterms:abstract>
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