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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">L'office du juge civil quant au relevé des moyens de droit</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Procédure civile</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rôle des parties</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Principe de concentration des moyens</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Voies de recours</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Civil procedure</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Civil trial’s leading principles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Function of the judge</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Application of law</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Role of the parties</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Concentration of pleas’ principle</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’office du juge quant au relevé des moyens de droit est régi par les dispositions des principes directeurs du procès civil et plus particulièrement par l’article 12 du code de procédure civile. Fruit de la réforme des années 1960 1970 qui visait à renforcer le rôle du juge, les ambiguïtés de sa rédaction n’ont que très difficilement permis au dessein des réformateurs de se réaliser. Après trente ans d’hésitation jurisprudentielle, l’assemblée plénière de la Cour de cassation a, en 2007, enfin fixé le principe selon lequel le juge n’a que la simple faculté de s’écarter du fondement juridique invoqué par les parties si celui-ci s’avère erroné. Cependant, les exceptions se multiplient en faveur de l’obligation sous l’influence de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne. En outre, le contexte procédural est différent de celui dans lequel est né la réforme. Des bouleversements sont intervenus quant aux exigences attendues des parties au regard du droit (principe de concentration des moyens) et l’architecture et l’objet des voies de recours est en pleine mutation (appel ; pourvoi en cassation). Le déséquilibre est flagrant entre office du juge et rôle des parties. Fort de ce constat, c’est en tenant compte des possibilités de censure du juge défaillant que la thèse propose des pistes en vue d’un renforcement raisonnable de l’office du juge de nature à offrir une meilleure garantie de leurs droits aux justiciables.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The function of the judge, as for raising pleas in law, is governed by civil trial’s leading principles, more specifically by article 12 of the French code of civil procedure. As a result of the 1960-1970 reform, which was intended to strengthen the role of the judge, the aim of the reformers has been difficult to achieve because of its writing ambiguities. After thirty years of a hesitant legal precedent, the Court of cassation in plenary assembly, in 2007, finally laid down the principle whereby the judge only has the ability to rule out the legal basis pleaded by the parties if it turns out to be incorrect. However, under the influence of the European Court of Justice case law, exceptions in favour of the obligation are increasing. Furthermore, the procedural context is different from the one in which the reform was passed. There have been upheavals regarding the requirements expected from the parties regarding the law (concentration of pleas’ principle) and the structure and purpose of legal remedies (appeal before the Court of appeal or the Court of cassation). The disparity between the function of the judge and the role of the parties is obvious. With this observation, by considering the censorship possibilities of the failing judge, this thesis proposes leads for a reasonable strengthening of the function of the judge to offer to the litigants a best guarantee of their rights.</dcterms:abstract>
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