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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Deux pensées constitutionnelles révolutionnaires : Robespierre et Condorcet</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Robespierre</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Perfectibilité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit perfectible</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Droit naturel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Constitution transitoire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autoconstitution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Démocratie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Gouvernement représentatif</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autonomie sociale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fin de l'État</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Autonomie individuelle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fraternité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bonheur</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Robespierre</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Condorcet</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Perfectibility</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Transitional constitution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Self–constitution</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Democracy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Representative government</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social autonomy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">End of the State</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Individual autonomy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fraternity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Happiness</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Pareils à nombre de révolutionnaires français, Robespierre et Condorcet souhaitent rompre avec l'Ancien régime en reconnaissant la souveraineté naturelle du peuple et les droits naturels des hommes. Cependant, en démocrates assumés et conséquents, ils se singularisent en présentant la nécessité du gouvernement représentatif comme une étape provisoire de la réalisation libre et heureuse des hommes et non comme une fin. Convaincus d’une nature humaine perfectible, habilitant l’homme à un devenir libre et heureux, les deux révolutionnaires sont conduits à promouvoir, l’idée d’un droit perfectible et celle d’une constitution transitoire capable d’articuler souveraineté du peuple et gouvernement à la naturalisation progressive des institutions et des hommes. Les progrès de l’autoconstitution du peuple souverain, appuyés par ses représentants provisoires, engagent les conditions d’une autonomisation de la société et ouvrent la voie à celle de l’individu en réconciliant l’État et la société.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Like many French revolutionaries, Robespierre and Condorcet wish to break with the Ancien Régime (Old Regime) by acknowledging the natural sovereignty of the people and the natural rights of men. However, as asserted and consistent democrats, they stand out by presenting the need of a representative government, not as an end, but as a provisional step to men’s achievement of freedom and happiness. Convinced of a perfectible human nature, empowering man to become free and happy, the two revolutionaries are led to promote the idea of a perfectible right and a transitional constitution which can connect sovereignty of the people and government to progressive naturalization of institutions and men. The progress in self-constitution of popular sovereignty, supported by its temporary representatives, sets the conditions of society’s empowerment and paves the way to that of the individual by reconciling the State and the society.</dcterms:abstract>
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