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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Egalité et justice sociale : une approche philosophique.</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Égalité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Liberté</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reconnaissance</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dialectique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Amartya Sen</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Emmanuel Levinas</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">GW.F. Hegel</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Equality</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Social justice</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Freedom</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Recognition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Dialectics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Amartya Sen</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse s’inscrit au sein de la littérature des théories modernes et contemporaines de la justice sociale, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la question de l’égalité et à la manière dont elle s’est affirmée en tant que préoccupation fondamentale pour ces théories. En s’appuyant essentiellement sur les travaux d’Amartya Sen, d’Emmanuel Levinas et de G.W.F. Hegel, il est suggéré que l’égalité constitue la condition de possibilité de la justice, et ainsi de la liberté, cette dernière étant affirmée comme l’objet de la justice. Ce travail tend également à envisager les limites d’une telle conception : le premier chapitre permet d’affirmer la relation d’interdépendance des valeurs de liberté et d’égalité au regard de la justice sociale en démontrant la nécessité d’un principe d’égalité par l’argument de la raison humaine. Le second chapitre approfondit l’argument de l’impartialité, tel que développé par Sen. De là, le troisième chapitre déploie la nécessité d’une médiation institutionnelle dans la lutte pour la reconnaissance, centrale aux questions de liberté, tout en montrant les insuffisances de l’égalité. Enfin, le dernier chapitre montre, à l’aide de Levinas les dérives totalisantes de l’égalité, malgré sa nécessité pratique, insistant par là même sur la nécessité d’une méthode dialectique pour penser la justice. Finalement, l’idée principale est d’investiguer la tension qui caractérise la justice sociale : la justice ne peut être réduite à l’égalité, bien que cette dernière soit supposée l’une de ses conditions nécessaires.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis comes within the scope of the literature of modern and contemporary social justice theories, while focusing on the question of equality and the way it became a fundamental concern for these theories. Essentially relying on Amartya Sen’s, Emmanuel Levinas’ and GW.F. Hegel’s works, it suggests a conception of equality as the condition of possibility of justice, and thus of freedom, this one being assumed as the object of social justice. It also aims at foreseeing the limits of such a conception: the first chapter asserts the relation of interdependency that exists between the values of freedom and equality regarding distributive issues, by showing the necessity of a principle of equality through the argument of human reason. The second chapter deepens the argument of impartiality, as developed by Sen. From there, the third chapter deploys the necessity of an institutional mediation in the struggle for recognition, central to freedom issues, while showing the limits of the principle of equality. Finally, the last chapter, based on Levinas’ thought, displays the totalitarian drifts of equality, despite its practical necessity, thus insisting on the need of aVersion juillet 2016 3 / 2dialectical method to think of justice. Eventually, the main idea is to investigate the tension that seems to characterize social justice: justice cannot be reduced to equality, although it is assumed as one of its necessary conditions.</dcterms:abstract>
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