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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Reconstruction tomographique d'objets déformables pour la cryo-microscopie électronique à particules isolées</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tomographie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réduction de dimension non linéaire</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Estimation de paramètre</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Problème inverse</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ab-initio reconstruction</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La cryo-microscopie électronique à particules isolées est une modalité d’imagerie permettant d’estimer la structure 3D de molécules. L’obtention d’un volume 3D est effectué par des algorithmes de reconstruction tomographique après acquisition par un microscope électronique à transmission d’un ensemble d’images de projection de l’objet observé. Les méthodes de reconstruction tomographique existantes permettent de déterminer la structure des molécules avec des résolutions proches de l’angström. Cependant la résolution est dégradée lorsque les molécules observées sont déformables. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse contribuent au développement de méthodes de traitement informatique des données (projections) dans le but de prendre en compte les déformations de l’objet observé dans le processus de reconstruction tomographique ab initio. Les problématiques principales abordées dans ce mémoire sont l’estimation des paramètres de projection basée sur la réduction de dimension non-linéaire, la détection des arêtes erronées dans les graphes de voisinages pour l’amélioration de la robustesse au bruit des méthodes de réduction de dimension, et la reconstruction tomographique basée sur un modèle paramétrique du volume.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Single particle cryo-electron microscopy is a technique that allows to estimate the 3D structure of biological complex. The construction of the 3D volume is performed by computerized tomography applied on a set of projection images from transmission electron microscope. Existing tomographic reconstructionalgorithms allow us to visualize molecular structure with a resolution around one angstrom. However the resolution is degraded when the molecules are deformable. This thesis contributes to the development of signal processing method in order to take into account the deformation information of the observed object for the ab initio tomographic reconstruction. The main contributions of this thesis are the estimation of projection parameters based on non-linear dimensionreduction, the false edges detection in neighborhood graphs to improve noise robustness of dimension reduction methods, and tomographic reconstruction based on a parametric model of the volume.</dcterms:abstract>
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