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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre de fluides non-newtoniens</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Lave torrentielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèle numérique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mécanique des fluides numériques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fluide non-newtonien</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fluide à seuil</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ecoulement à surface libre</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Outil de prévision</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Debris flow</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Numerical model</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Computational Fluid Dynamics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Non-Newtonian fluids</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Yield stress fluids</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Free surface flow</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027653293" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Écoulement (hydrologie)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027315355" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Écoulement visqueux</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un modèle numérique 3D afin d’étudier le phénomène de laves torrentielles ; écoulements visqueux fortement chargés en matière solide, surgissant en montagne lors d’orages violents. Aujourd’hui, la prévision des zones de vulnérabilité s’appuie sur des outils de calcul 0D, 1D ou 2D. Or ces outils ne peuvent représenter pleinement le comportement à surface libre des écoulements du fait de nombreuses approximations et hypothèses. Ainsi cette thèse met en œuvre un code numérique 3D pour étudier ces écoulements. Ce travail aboutit à la construction d’un modèle 3D à partir de données réelles de terrain. Plusieurs scénarios ont été étudiés et comparés à des résultats issus d’un modèle 2D. Les résultats mettent en évidence les apports non négligeables de la modélisation 3D : zones d’étalement et de dépôt, phénomènes d’encombrement, modélisation fine des écoulements dans les zones chenalisées. Préalablement, le modèle 3D a été validé en comparant les résultats numériques à des données expérimentales issues de la littérature, pour des typologies d’écoulement représentatives de celles observées sur des sites grandeur nature.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The objective of this thesis is to develop a 3D numerical model to assess debris flow. These viscous flows, heavily loaded with solid matter, form when heavy rain occurs in mountains. Today, forecasts of potentially impacted areas are based on 0D, 1D and 2D numerical tools. However, these tools cannot fully represent the free surface behaviour of debris flows due to the approximations and assumptions on which they are based. Thus, this work utilises a 3D numerical code to study this phenomenon. A specific model is built with real field data. Several flow scenarios are studied and compared with a 2D numerical model. The results highlight the significant benefits of a 3D approach by providing information on the fine representation of flow dynamics over the catchment area. The model also predicts the impact of debris flow (overflowing on a road bridge) and the zones of deposition and spreading. It highlights possible congestion phenomena and reproduces flows in the channels by fully accounting for parietal friction, capabilities not provided by 2D models. Prior to this application, the 3D model was evaluated with five sets of experimental data to validate its ability to represent viscoplastic flows. Different types of flows are studied and are representative of those observed on real sites when debris flow occur.</dcterms:abstract>
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