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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Etude du rôle de la végétation dans la création de microclimats urbains : approche combinée de mesures et de modélisations à différentes échelles</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of vegetation purpose in urban microclimates creation : combined approaches of measures and modellings at different scales</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Îlot de chaleur urbain</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Végétalisation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Arbre</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nuage de points</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reconstruction 3D</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modèle microclimatique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Évapotranspiration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Urban heat island</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vegetation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tree</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Point cloud</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">3D reconstruction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Microclimatic model</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Evapotranspiration</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029459370" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Microclimat urbain</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="052590372" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Modélisation tridimensionnelle</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="187557047" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Paysage urbain</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le phénomène d'îlot de chaleur urbain engendre de l'inconfort thermique auprès des habitants. Améliorer le microclimat en zone urbaine est donc l'une des préoccupations des aménageurs. La végétalisation des villes s'avère une solution prometteuse, car l'évapotranspiration des plantes etles ombres portées des arbres ont un impact significatif sur le bilan thermique de l'atmosphère alentour. Un défi majeur aujourd'hui est le développement d'un modèle de simulation microclimatique capable de reproduire les conditions climatiques d'une rue, voire d'un quartier urbain végétalisé, dans l'objectif de proposer un outil d'aide à la décision pour l'aménagement des villes durables. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier comment prendre en compte la végétation et plus particulièrement les arbres, dans un modèle microclimatique 30 afin de simuler le microclimat d'un quartier. Deux modèles, LASER/F et RATP sont appliqués à l'échelle d'un arbre et d'un parc urbain pour mener à bien cette étude.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The urban heat island phenomenon causes thermal discomfort to residents. lmproving the microclimate in urban areas is therefore one of the concerns of urban plan ners. The greening of cities (with lawns, trees, green roofs, etc.) is a promising solution, as the transpiration of plants and the shadows of trees have a significant impact on the thermal balance of the surrounding atmosphere. This act must be planned to optimize the benefits of vegetation. A key challenge today is thus the development of a microclimatic simulation model capable of reproducing the climatic conditions of a street, or even a vegetated urban neighborhood, with the aim of proposinga decision support tool for the development of sustainable cities. The aim of this thesis is to study how to consider vegetation and especially trees, in a 30 microclimatic model to simulate the microclimate of a neighborhood. Two models, LASER/F and RATP were applied at the scale of a tree and an urban park to carry out this study.</dcterms:abstract>
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