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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Fabrication of nanofibrous mats by "green" electrospinning for liquid microfiltration applications</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">« Green » électrospinning de membranes nanofibreuses pour des applications de filtration liquide</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">« Green » électrospinning</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Nanofibres</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Filtration liquide</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">« Green » electrospinning</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Nanofibers</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La fabrication de membranes nanofibreuses par un procédé d’électrospinning plus respectueux de l’environnement, ou plus « vert », est de nos jours un défi. L’électrospinning est un procédé qui permet, généralement à partir d’une solution de polymère, d’obtenir des membranes non-tissées dont le diamètre des fibres est compris entre 50 nm et quelques micromètres. Deux stratégies nouvelles ont été développées pour répondre à ce besoin croissant. La première consiste à fabriquer des membranes à partir de polymères bio- sourcés tandis que la deuxième vise à employer des solvants exclusivement aqueux. Cette deuxième stratégie permet de s’affranchir des vapeurs de solvants souvent toxiques utilisés au cours du procédé. Dans ce cadre, des membranes ont été fabriquées à partir de suspensions aqueuses de polymères non-hydrosolubles, d’une part, et à partir d’acide tannique, une molécule non-polymérique bio-sourcée en exploitant les interactions supramoléculaires. Ces stratégies plus « vertes » rendent moins dangereuse et moins couteuse l’utilisation d’émetteurs multi-jets et permettent, de ce fait, une meilleure industrialisation du procédé d’électrospinning. Les membranes développées ont été fabriquées pour des applications de microfiltration liquide. En effet, les membranes d’électrospinning peuvent allier des tailles de pores submicroniques à des porosités supérieures à 80% contrairement aux membranes de microfiltration commerciales (porosité &lt; 40%). La fabrication de membranes de filtration par un procédé d’électrospinning multi-jet « vert » permet ainsi d’accroitre les débits de production et de filtration tout en respectant davantage l’environnement.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The fabrication of nanofibrous mats by an environmentally friendly, or in other words by a “green”, electrospinning process is nowadays a challenge. Electrospinning is a process allowing the fabrication, generally from a polymer solution, of nonwoven mats composed of fibers having diameters ranging between 50 nm and a few micrometers. Two new strategies have been developed to answer such a growing need. The first one consists in electrospinning bio-sourced polymers while the second one is based on the electrospinning of aqueous solutions exclusively. This second strategy allows avoiding toxic vapors coming from the evaporation of toxic solvents often used during the process. In this context, mats were electrospun from solutions composed of aqueous suspensions of water insoluble polymers, on one hand, and composed of tannic acid, a non-polymeric bio-based molecule exploiting supramolecular interactions. These new environmentally friendly strategies turn the electrospinning process in a less dangerous and less expensive one, and, as a result, ease the use of multi-jet setups and enable a better industrialization of the electrospinning process. Membranes have been developed for liquid microfiltration applications. As a matter of fact, electrospinning membranes can combine submicron pore sizes with porosities greater than 80% unlike commercial microfiltration membranes (porosity &lt; 40%). The fabrication of liquid filtration membranes by a multi-jet "green" electrospinning process, thus, makes it possible to increase the production rates of electrospinning mats and filtration rates while respecting the environment.</dcterms:abstract>
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