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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Synthèse chimique de protéines pour l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle de fibres amyloïdes</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Fibres amyloïdes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Synthèse chimique de protéines</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reconnaissance chirale</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polymorphisme</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Oligomère</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Inhibition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Amyloid fibrils</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chemical protein synthesis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Chiral recognition</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polymorphism</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oligomers</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les fibres amyloïdes sont souvent à l’origine de nombreuses maladies dégénératives telles que la maladie d’Alzheimer ou la maladie de Parkinson. La formation de ces plaques insolubles est due à une agrégation anormale de protéines. Les études structurales et biologiques des amyloïdes sont hautement complexes du fait de leur organisation sous forme de superstructures unidirectionnelles composées d’une infinité d’unités peptidiques ou protéiques, mais aussi à cause de leur hétérogénéité conformationnelle et polymorphique. Au cours de ces différents travaux de thèse en collaboration avec différents laboratoires d’analyses structurales, nous avons développé plusieurs outils de synthèse tant pour la formation de différents polymorphes de fibres amyloïdes que pour la formation d’espèces oligomériques de tailles conséquentes qui sont un challenge du point de vue synthétique et méthodologique mais aussi pour leur caractérisation. Ces différentes avancées permettront de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de formation de fibres amyloïdes et de préparer des échantillons homogènes pour les analyses structurales et biologiques. L’étude de modifications chimiques telles que la N-méthylation ou les polypeptides D est également un enjeu important pour l’élucidation des interactions protéine-protéine vis-à-vis des structures amyloïdogéniques et ainsi permettre l’élaboration de nouveaux composés inhibant la formation de plaques amyloïdes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Amyloid fibrils are associated with many human disorders including Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. The formation of insoluble plaques is the result of protein misfolding and aggregation due to abnormal conformational isomerization of the involved protein. The structural and biological studies of amyloids are highly complex. In this thesis, we report on the development of different synthetic methodologies for the preparation of distinct amyloid fibril polymorphs as homogeneous samples for structural and biological studies. We also synthesized covalently-tethered oligomers composed of nine copies of an amyloidogenic peptide segment, where we were able to control the self-assembly of the structure by insertion of N-methylated amino-acids and to obtain monomeric oligomers mimicking a cross section of an amyloid fibril. We also report on the chiral recognition of L-peptides and L-proteins towards corresponding D-enantiomers during amyloid formation. Moreover, we studied various N-methylated peptide analogues to suppress amyloid growth. Overall, the results obtained in this thesis pave the way towards rational design of peptide-based inhibitors and diagnostics against amyloid propagation.</dcterms:abstract>
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