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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Investigation of the anodes of PEM water electrolyzers by operando synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Etude in operando d’anodes d’électrolyseurs de l'eau de type PEM par spectroscopie de photoémission avec le rayonnement synchrotron</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réaction de dégagement de l’oxygène (OER)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Électrolyseur de l’eau à base de la membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dioxyde d’étain dopé à l’antimoine (ATO</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dégradation et stabilisation du ruthénium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Modélisation des spectres XP</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Degradation and stabilization of ruthenium</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le développement de catalyseurs de la réaction de dégagement de l’oxygène (OER) pour les électrolyseurs à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM) dépend de la compréhension du mécanisme de cette réaction. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'application de la spectroscopie d’émission de photoélectrons induits par rayons X (XPS) et de la spectroscopie de structure près du front d'absorption de rayons X (NEXAFS) operando sous une pression proche de l'ambiante (NAP) dans le but d’étudier les mécanismes de la réaction d’oxydation de l’eau sur des anodes à base d’iridium et de ruthénium et leurs dégradation dans les conditions de la réaction. Cette thèse montre les mécanismes différents de la réaction OER pour les anodes à base d’Ir et de Ru impliquant respectivement des transitions anioniques (formation d’espèce OI- électrophile) ou cationiques (formation des espèces de Ru avec l’état d'oxydation supérieur à IV) quelle que soit la nature (thermique ou électrochimique) des oxydes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology depends on the understanding of the OER mechanism. This thesis is devoted to the application of near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) techniques for operando investigation of the Ir, Ru - based anodes. For Ru-based systems, we observe the potential-induced irreversible transition of Ru (IV) from an anhydrous to a hydrated form, while the former is stabilized in the presence of Ir. Regarding single Ir-based anodes, the analysis of O K edge spectra reveals formation of electrophilic oxygen OI- as an OER intermediate. Higher stability of Ir catalysts supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) is related to their lower oxidation. This work demonstrates different OER mechanisms on Ir, Ru-based anodes involving anion and cation red-ox chemistry, correspondingly, regardless the oxide nature.</dcterms:abstract>
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