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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Ligands build on macrocyclic platforms : can the macro cyclic unit influence the catalytic properties ?</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Ligands construits sur des plates-formes macrocycliques : la cavité macrocyclique peut-elle influencer le résultat catalytique ?</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Résorcin[4]arène</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Calix[4]arène</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Phosphite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Carbène N-hétérocyclique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sel de triazolium</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Catalyse homogène</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Catalyse asymétrique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Resorcin[4]arene</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Calix[4]arene</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phosphite</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">N-heterocyclic carbene</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Triazolium salt</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Homogeneous catalysis</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Asymmetric catalysis</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="031153836" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Composés macrocycliques</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="119657112" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Réaction de Suzuki</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027993884" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Catalyse homogène</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Cette thèse présente la synthèse de ligands originaux construits sur des plateformes coniques de type résorcin[4]arène ou calix[4]arène étant susceptibles de positionner un métal à proximité d'une unité réceptrice: a) des bis-binaphtylphosphites optiquement actifs dont les centres phosphorés ont été greffés sur le bord supérieur de cavités génériques. Ces coordinats ont été testés en hydroformylation asymétrique d’arènes vinyliques et ont conduit à une sélectivité iso très élevée avec de bons, voire très bons excès énantiomériques; b) des carbènes N- hétérocycliques ayant soit un, soit les deux atomes d'azote substitués par des unités résorcinarényle (variante cavitand) et leur utilisation pour la formation d'espèces comportant un centre métallique supramoléculairement piégé dans la partie cavitaire (complexes du type [NiXCpL] (X = Br ou Cl, Cp = cyclopentadiényle, LH = NHC). Ces complexes se sont avérés efficaces en dimérisation de l'éthylène; c) des carbènes N-hétérocyliques anormaux obtenus à partir de sels de triazolium comportant un ou deux substituants résorcinarène. Ces composés à fort encombrement ont été efficacement employés en couplage croisé de Suzuki-Miyaura entre des chlorures d'aryles volumineux et des acides arylboroniques stériquement encombrés. Les activités les plus importantes ont été obtenues avec le sel de triazolium stériquement le moins encombré, celui portant un seul substituant résorcinarène. Sa plus grande efficacité est due à une approche plus facile des substrats dans les intermédiaires catalytiques correspondants ainsi que de la présence de groupes pentyles flexibles pouvant interagir stériquement avec le centre métallique de manière à faciliter l'étape d'élimination réductrice</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This thesis describes the synthesis of a series of compounds built on conical resorcin[4]arene and calix[4]arene platforms: a) diphosphites derived from optically active binol, in which the phosphite moieties have been grafted to the wider rim of the generic cones. These ligands were assessed in asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl arenes and led to high iso selectivity with good to excellent enantiomeric excess; b) N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing either one or two cavitand moieties and their use for the synthesis of [NiXCpL] complexes (X = Br or Cl, Cp = cyclopentadienyl, LH = NHC) in which the NiCp moiety has been supramolecularly trapped in a resorcinarene bowl. These complexes were found active in ethylene dimerization; c) bulky triazolium salts with one or two resorcinarene substituents that were found suitable for the synthesis of complexes with abnormal NHCs. The latter were tested in palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of bulky aryl chlorides with sterically hindered aryl boronic acids. Better activities were observed with the sterically less hindered triazolium salt, which bears a single resorcinarene substituent. Its higher efficiency arises from a higher substrate accessibility in the resulting catalytic intermediates as well as the presence of flexible pentyl groups that may interact with the metal centre so as to facilitate the reductive elimination step.</dcterms:abstract>
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