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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Brownian motion under external force field and anomalous diffusion</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mouvement brownien</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Force optique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diffusion anormales</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ergodicité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Brownian motion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Optical force</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anomalous diffusion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ergodicity</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le travail réalisé dans cette thèse porte sur l’étude du mouvement Brownien d’une suspension colloïdale sous champ de force optique faible et l’étude fondamentale des effets convectifs et de diffusion anormale. Nous avons construit un microscope à fond noir afin de suivre les particules et de reconstruire leurs trajectoires avec une résolution spatiale de 20 nm et une résolution temporelle de 8 ms. Ces trajectoires sont analysées statistiquement afin d’en extraire la contribution balistique induite par la force de pression de radiation appliquée par le laser d’illumination. En plus de l’effet mécanique du laser sur les particules, le fluide absorbe les radiations ce qui le chauffe et crée ainsi une différence de température entre la partie illuminée et la partie non illuminée de l’échantillon.Nous validons aussi les hypothèses de stationnarité et d’érgodicité qui sont fondamentales pour notre stratégie de mesure de force faible. L’analyse statistique fine de notre système nous permet de mettre en évidence et de caractériser des effets de diffusion anormale brownienne. Nos expériences révèlent en effet la présence de trajectoires anormales dont l’origine se comprend comme un effet d’interaction entre la particule suivie et le reste de l’ensemble colloïdal.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The work presented in this thesis deals with the study of the Brownian motion of a colloidal suspension under an external weak optical force, the study of convective effects and anomalous diffusion. We have built a dark field microscope in order to track the particles and reconstruct the Brownian trajectories with a spatial resolution of 20 nm and a temporal resolution of 8 ms.Statistical analysis of the trajectories has allowed us to extract the ballistic contribution induced by the radiation pressure force exerted by irradiating a laser on the particles. In addition to the mechanical effect of the laser on the particles, the fluid absorbs the radiation. Consequently, the temperature of the fluid rises and results in a thermal difference between the illuminated and the non-illuminated areas of the sample. In order to validate our weak force measurement, we have investigated two fundamental hypotheses in statistical physics: ergodicity and stationary aspect. A closer statistical analysis enables us to demonstrate and characterize the effect of anomalous Brownian diffusion. Our experiments have revealed the existence of anomalous trajectories, which can be understood as an effect of the interactions between the particles.</dcterms:abstract>
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<tef:nom>Université de Strasbourg</tef:nom>
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