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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Transformation et transport des pesticides inorganiques et de synthèse dans les sols de bassins versants agricoles</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Pesticides</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Métaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Sols agricoles</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spéciation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Signature isotopique des métaux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Infiltration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ruissellement</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pesticides</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Agricultural soils</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Isotopic signatures of metals</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Malgré les tests d’homologation des pesticides et métaux, des teneurs alarmantes de ces produits sont relevées dans l’environnement. Une meilleure connaissance des processus subis par ces produits dans les agrosystèmes est nécessaire afin de réduire les pollutions liées à leur utilisation. Cette thèse vise à améliorer la compréhension de la transformation et du transport des pesticides et métaux pas l’étude détaillée de ces polluants dans les sols agricoles durant 200 jours, en fonction des conditions hydro-climatiques et l’analyse isotopique des pesticides (par composés spécifiques, CSIA) et des métaux. Ces travaux révèlent l’importance de la matière organique sur la spéciation des polluants, les relations entre les conditions, la dissipation et les mécanismes de transformation des pesticides, mais aussi le contrôle de l’infiltration des polluants par la durée et la fréquence des pluies. Ces résultats permettent d’améliorer la prédiction du transport des polluants dans les agrosystèmes.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Despite homologation tests of pesticides and metals, alarming concentrations are measured in the environment. A better knowledge of the transformation processes undergone by these products in agrosystems is needed to predict and limit the pollution. This PhD. thesis allowed to understand the transformation and transport of pesticides and metals in agricultural soils during 200 days and with respect to different hydro-climatic conditions using sequential extraction and isotopic fractionation of pesticides (compound specific isotopic analyses, CSIA) and metals. This work revealed the relevant of soil organic matter on the speciation of pollutants, the relationship between hydro-climatic conditions, the dissipation and the transformation mechanisms of peticides, and how pollutant infiltration is controlled both by rainfall length and frequency. These resuls will improve the transport models of pesticides in agrosystems.</dcterms:abstract>
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