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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Résistance des moustiques vs virulence du parasite : étude des interactions génétiques entre le parasite humain Plasmodium falciparum et les vecteurs Anopheles gambiae et Anopheles coluzzii en conditions naturelles</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of genetic interaction between human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and natural vectors Anopheles gambiae et Anopheles coluzzii</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Anophèles coluzzii</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Plasmodium falciparum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TEP1</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Compétence vectorielle</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mosquito vectorial competence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Anopheles coluzzii</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">P. falciparum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">TEP1</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027503704" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Relations hôte-parasite</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027425894" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Réponse immunitaire</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les moustiques An. coluzzii sont des vecteurs du paludisme humain en Afrique sub- saharienne (Fontenille et al., 2003). Ils s’infectent après une prise de repas de sang chez un l’hôte humain porteur de gamétocytes. Les études sur la résistance/sensibilité d’An. coluzzii au parasite P. falciparum définissent sa compétence vectorielle (Ndiath et al., 2011 ; Fryxell et al., 2012 ; Gnémé et al., 2013 ; Boissière et al., 2013). La compétence vectorielle d’An. coluzzii au parasite P. falciparum est déterminée par des gènes pro/antiparasitaires, dont TEP1 qui montre un polymorphisme à l’origine de la résistance/sensibilité des moustiques vis-à-vis de P. berghei, parasite de rongeur (Baxter et al., 2007 ; Blandin et al., 2009). Dans nos travaux nous montrons que TEP1 est un facteur antiparasitaire majeur dans la réponse contre P. falciparum, mais n’explique pas seul la résistance/sensibilité des moustiques vis-à-vis du parasite. D’autres facteurs génétiques pro/antiparasitaires non encore déterminés seraient impliqués dans la compétence vectorielle chez les moustiques An. coluzzii. Pour identifier les gènes pro/antiparasitaires impliqués dans les interactions An. coluzzii – P. falciparum, et étudier l’effet de leur polymorphisme sur la résistance/sensibilité des moustiques vis-à-vis du parasite, nous avons réalisé sur le terrain, à Mfou au Cameroun, des infections expérimentales avec des isolats naturels de P. falciparum chez les moustiques L3-5, S1low et S1high sélectionnés pour leur résistance/sensibilité à P. berghei. Les moustiques Ngousso sont utilisés ici comme contrôle de l’infectivité des parasites.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes are vectors of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, even within a vector species, the ability of mosquitoes to carry malaria parasites varies extensively between individuals, with some mosquitoes that eliminate all parasites, and are therefore unable to transmit the disease. Polymorphism in the complement-like protein TEP1 was shown to contribute to determine mosquito susceptibility to the murine malaria parasite P. berghei (Blandin et al., 2009) as well as to the human malaria parasite P. falciparum (White et al., 2010). Still, we demonstrated that TEP1 alone could not fully explain mosquito resistance and we set up to identify additional genetic factors that determine mosquito vector competence in the Ngousso line that was recently colonised in Cameroon and whose phenotype range varies extensively when exposed to P. berghei infection. To be independent from variations in the TEP1 locus, we first selected a parental line homozygous for a single TEP1 allele, TEP1*S1, that was previously linked to mosquito susceptibility. We then created isofemale families and selected them according to their phenotype upon infection with the murine malaria parasite P. berghei over several generations to create two lines carrying either many (S1high) or few (S1low) parasites. To identify the regions of the genomes that are linked to this phenotypic difference, we performed crosses and QTL mapping. To test whether the phenotypic difference selected upon P. berghei infections was conserved for P. falciparum, we subjected our two lines to blood meals infected with natural isolates of the human parasite collected in Cameroon. Results of the selection process and field infections will be presented.</dcterms:abstract>
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<tef:nom>Bayibeki Ngano</tef:nom>
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