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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer cells</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Rôle du cytosquelette d'actine dans la résistance des cellules de cancer du sein à la lyse induite par les cellules "natural killers"</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules Natural Killer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cytosquelette d’actine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cytotoxicité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Granzyme B</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Actin cytoskeleton</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Breast cancer</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cytotoxicity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Granzyme B</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Immune escape</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L'évasion immunitaire tumorale joue un rôle central dans la progression tumorale et représente un obstacle majeur au succès des immunothérapies. Dans cette Thèse nous avons étudié le rôle du cytosquelette d’actine dans la résistance des cellules de cancer du sein à la lyse induite par les cellules "natural killers" (NKs). Nous avons trouvé que les cellules de cancer du sein résistantes échappent à l’attaques des cellules NKs par une accumulation importante et rapide d’actine près de la synapse immunologique, un processus que nous avons nommé "réponse actine". Nos analyses mécanistiques suggèrent que la réponse actine induit la polarisation d’autophagosomes vers la synapse immunologique et facilite ainsi la dégradation des molécules cytotoxiques sécrétées par les cellules NKs, tel que le ganzyme B, par autophagie. De plus, la réponse actine est associée au regroupement de ligands inhibiteurs à la synapse, suggérant qu’elle est au centre de plusieurs mécanismes de résistance. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats constituent une base pour le développement d’approches thérapeutiques visant à interférer avec la réponse actine et à restaurer une réponse immunitaire anti tumorale efficace.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Tumor immune evasion plays a central role in cancer progression and is a major hurdle to effective immunotherapy. In this Thesis, we examine the role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cell lysis. We found that resistant breast cancer cells escape from NK-cell attack through a rapid and prominent accumulation of actin near the immunological synapse, a process we termed the “actin response”. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that the actin response drives autophagosome polarization toward the immunological synapse and thereby facilitates the autophagy-mediated degradation of NK cell-derived cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B. In addition, the actin response was associated with inhibitory ligand clustering at the immunological synapse, suggesting that it is a common driver of different immune evasion mechanisms. Taken together, our data lays the groundwork for therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with the actin response and restoring an effective anti-tumor immune response.</dcterms:abstract>
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