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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Développement d’approches de modifications ciblées du méthylome dans les cellules mammifères</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Méthylation de l’ADN</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Édition de l’épigénome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">SERPINB5</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">DNA methylation</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La méthylation de l’ADN est une modification épigénétique sur les cytosines des dinucléotides CpG catalysée par les enzymes DNMT. Les cellules cancéreuses présentent des hyperméthylations aberrantes sur les promoteurs de gènes dits suppresseurs de tumeurs, ce qui contribue à leur répression transcriptionnelle et favorise la progression tumorale. De par sa nature réversible, la méthylation de l’ADN est une cible de choix pour des thérapies épigénétiques ; cependant, les inhibiteurs de DNMT ont une action de déméthylation globale du génome qui conduit à une forte toxicité. Mon travail a consisté à développer des stratégies de déméthylation ciblée sur des régions spécifiques du génome. Premièrement, j’ai validé une stratégie induisant une reprogrammation épigénétique spécifique et durable du gène suppresseur de tumeurs SERPINB5 dans des cellules de cancer du sein. Deuxièmement, j’ai optimisé des stratégies d'édition de l’épigénome comme outil en recherche fondamentale.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">DNA methylation takes place on cytosines of CpG dinucleotides in mammals and is catalysed by DNMT enzymes. Cancer cells are characterised by frequent promoter hypermethylation leading to transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes and favouring tumor progression. Because of its reversible nature, DNA methylation is a target of choice in epigenetic therapies. However, current DNMT inhibitors act in a global and non-specific manner, leading to side effects and toxicity in normal cells. During my thesis I have developed strategies to perform targeted demethylation in specific regions of the genome without affecting global methylation. First, I have validated a strategy inducing the specific and durable epigenetic reprogramming of the tumor suppressor gene SERPINB5 in a breast cancer cell line, which can pave the way to further biomedical research. Second, I have optimised epigenome editing strategies as a regular tool in basic research.</dcterms:abstract>
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