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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Études des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans le développement du syndrome de détresse respiratoire post-transfusionnel (TRALI)</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in the development of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">TRALI</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Œdème pulmonaire</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cd32a</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Lung edema</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le TRALI immunologique est un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë rare, provoqué par la présence d’alloanticorps dans les produits transfusés. Il est classiquement étudié au moyen d’un modèle de souris qui reçoivent un anticorps monoclonal contre les molécules d’histocompatibilité de classe I, anti-H-2d. Or les mécanismes qui conduisent au TRALI restent encore largement incompris. Dans ce travail de thèse, je montre que l’inhibition des récepteurs P2X1 à l’ATP et du canal calcique TRPC6, diminue le développement des œdèmes péri-artériolaires pulmonaires lors d’un TRALI, suggérant un rôle des cellules musculaires lisses. Les expériences de déplétions cellulaires spécifiques montrent que les plaquettes et les neutrophiles ne sont pas nécessaires pour l’initiation du TRALI, contrairement à ce qui avait été montré par d’autres équipes. Les monocytes et/ou les macrophages sont par contre indispensables. J’ai aussi développé un modèle de TRALI immunologique utilisant des souris transgéniques pour le récepteur humain FcγRIIA, et un anticorps recombinant muni d’une partie Fc d’IgG1 humaine. Mes travaux montrent que le TRALI est plus sévère dans les souris transgéniques, accompagné d’une activation plus importante des plaquettes et des neutrophiles. Ce modèle permet d’envisager l’étude des mécanismes du TRALI sous un nouvel angle, plus proche de la physiopathologie humaine, ainsi que celle de la contribution des parties Fc des anticorps humains.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Immunological TRALI is a rare acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by the presence of alloantibodies in transfused products. A mouse model using a monoclonal antibody against the major histocompatibility complex class I, anti-H-2d, is usually used to study its mechanisms. Nevertheless, there is a lack in our understanding regarding the course of events. In this thesis, I show that the inhibitions of the ATP-gated receptor P2X1 and of the TRPC6 channel reduce the development of periarteriolar pulmonary edema occurring during TRALI, pointing to a role of smooth muscles cells. Specific cell depletions show that platelets and neutrophils are dispensable for TRALI initiation, in contrast to previous reports. Monocytes and/or macrophages are however necessary. I also developed a model of immune TRALI using transgenic mice expressing the human receptor FcγRIIA, and a recombinant antibody with a human IgG1-Fc fragment. My work reveal a more severe TRALI response in transgenic mice, with enhanced activation of platelets and neutrophils. This model allow a finer study of mechanisms underlying TRALI, moving towards the human actors of the pathology. We can also use this novel approach to assess the contribution of human Fc fragment.</dcterms:abstract>
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