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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Characterization of the mitochondrial translation apparatus of Arabidopsis thaliana</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Caractérisation de la machinerie de traduction mitochondriale chez Arabidopsis thaliana</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéines PPR</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mitochondrie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Traduction</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mitoribosome</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Arabidopsis thaliana</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">PPR proteins</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitochondria</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Translation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mitoribosome</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="027458229" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Mutation chez les plantes</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Dans les cellules eucaryotes, différents types de ribosomes coexistent. Les ribosomes mitochondriaux synthétisent les quelques protéines codées par l’ADN mitochondrial, qui sont essentielles au fonctionnement de l’organisme. Ces ribosomes sont particulièrement divergents des ribosomes procaryotes, mais sont également très différents entre les eucaryotes. Mon travail de thèse s'est concentré sur la caractérisation de la structure et de la composition en protéines du ribosome mitochondrial de la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Des approches biochimiques complémentaires ont permis d’identifier 19 protéines uniquement trouvées dans le mitoribosome de plante, parmi lesquelles 10 sont des protéines PPR, des protéines particulièrement abondantes chez les plantes. Les mutations des gènes codant pour ces PPR ribosomales (rPPR) mènent à l’apparition de phénotypes macroscopiques distincts, notamment une létalité ou des retards de croissance importants. L'analyse moléculaire du mutant rppr1 par profilage des ribosomes, ainsi que l'analyse du taux de protéines mitochondriales, révèlent que la protéine rPPR1 est un facteur de traduction générique, ce qui constitue une nouvelle fonction des protéines PPR. De plus, la cryo-électron microscopie a été utilisée pour déterminer l’architecture tridimensionnelle de ce mitoribosome. Cette approche a révélé la structure unique du mitoribosome de plante, caractérisée par une très grande petite sous-unité ribosomale ayant un domaine additionnel jamais décrit jusqu’à présent. Globalement, mes résultats ont montré que le mitoribosome d’Arabidopsis est complètement différent des ribosomes bactériens et des autres mitoribosomes eucaryotes, à la fois en terme de structure mais aussi de composition, permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre l’évolution de ce composant central de l’expression génétique.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Ribosomes are the molecular machines translating the genetic information carried by mRNA into protein. Different translation machineries co-exist in eukaryote cells. While cytosolic translation is comparatively well characterized, it remains the most elusive step of gene expression in mitochondria. In plants, while numerous pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are involved in all steps of gene expression, their function in translation remains unclear. My work focused on the biochemical characterisation of Arabidopsis mitochondrial ribosomes and the identification of its protein composition. Complementary biochemical approaches identified 19 plant specific mitoribosome proteins, among which 10 are PPR proteins. The knock out mutations of ribosomal PPR (rPPR) genes result in distinct macroscopic phenotypes including lethality or severe growth delays. The molecular analysis of rPPR1 mutants, using ribosome profiling, as well as the analysis of mitochondrial protein levels, revealed that rPPR1 is a generic translation factor, which is a novel function for PPR proteins. Finally, single particle cryo-electron microscopy was used and revealed the unique structural architecture of Arabidopsis mitoribosomes, characterised by a very large small ribosomal subunit, larger than the large subunit, with a novel head domain. Overall, my results showed that Arabidopsis mitoribosomes are completely distinct from bacterial and other eukaryote mitoribosomes, both in terms of structure and of protein content.</dcterms:abstract>
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