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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Rectification de la migration</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ratchetaxis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La migration des cellules individuelles est un phénomène clé d’un point de vue physiologique ou pathologique. In vitro, la migration de cellules est par défaut étudiée sur surface plane. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la migration cellulaire dans un espace confiné, appelé microcanal, dont les dimensions miment les capillaires sanguins. Deux types de migration dirigée ont été étudiés, la chimiotaxie, qui dirige la migration des cellules avec un gradient chimique et la ratchetaxie, qui dirige la migration des cellules grâce à la présence de motifs asymétriques et répétés dans leur environnement. Nous avons prouvé que la ratchetaxie est capable de diriger et rectifier la migration des cellules sous confinement. Nous avons aussi rapporté l’importance de la déformation du noyau pour diriger la migration cellulaire. Cette thèse met en évidence l’importance de l’étude de la motilité des cellules sous confinement ainsi que le rôle de l’environnement pour orienter sa migration.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Single cell migration is a key phenomenon involved in physiological and pathological processes. In vivo, cells migrate under confinement. In vitro, for simplicity reasons, cell migration is studied on flat surfaces. In this PhD thesis, we studied cell migration in confined environment, called microchannel, whose dimensions are similar to blood capillaries. Two types of directed cell migration have been studied, chemotaxis, which is the way to direct cell migration with chemical gradients and ratchetaxis, recently discovered being able to direct cell migration due to the presence of asymmetric and repetitive motifs in the cell environment. We showed that ratchetaxis directs cell migration uunder confinement. We reported also the importance of nucleus deformation to direct cell migration. Altogether, this PhD thesis highlights the importance of studying cell migration under confinement and the key role of the environment to direct cell migration.</dcterms:abstract>
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