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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Conscience et Idéalité : la théorie phénoménologique de Husserl (de ses travaux mathématiques jusqu'aux Ideen I)</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Phénoménologie</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Idéalité</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cogito</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Phenomenology</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ideality</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ideen I</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cogito</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La première partie de notre travail s᾿est attachée à remonter aux racines mathématiques de la phénoménologie primitive de Husserl (jusqu᾿aux Recherches logiques). La pierre angulaire de cette recherche des fondements est l᾿émergence du sujet (cogito) qui, non seulement combine certains traits du sujet kantien, mais dans le même temps se distingue de ce dernier par son caractère plus autonome. La seconde étape – que l᾿on peut qualifier de « transitoire » dans la constitution de la théorie phénoménologique de la connaissance – se déroule dans les années 1906/07, alors que Husserl travaille sur son Einleitung. C᾿est un texte important à deux égards au moins : historique et méthodologique. Premièrement, il marque une rupture définitive avec tout ce qui concerne le domaine psychologique et élève la phénoménologie au rang de théorie unique de la connaissance. Husserl développe entre autres sa critique radicale de l᾿école immanentiste (Schuppe, Rehmke) ; école philosophiquement pourtant plus proche de Husserl, mais qui conserve une forte approche psychologique et ne peut donc être traitée que comme un adversaire. Le pinacle, ce sont les Ideen I. Cet ouvrage marque la complétude structurelle de la théorie phénoménologique de la connaissance. Là, Husserl esquisse son but : décrire le processus de la connaissance du point de vue du sujet transcendantal, donc phénoménologiquement. D᾿un côté celles-ci sont, à la différence des ouvrages antérieurs, l᾿aboutissement logique de toutes les réflexions de Husserl depuis ses écrits mathématiques ; d᾿un autre côté, les Ideen I mettent en branle la praxis phénoménologique en tant que telle. Le sujet de la connaissance n᾿est pas une figure nouvelle ni totalement inventée : il s᾿agit d᾿un sujet reconstitué au cours du développement de la méthode phénoménologique, apparu initialement dans la métaphysique et les mathématiques du XIXème siècle.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The first part of our work traces back the mathematical roots of Husserl's primitive phenomenology (up to Logical Investigations). The cornerstone of this research of the foundations is the emergence of the subject (cogito), which not only combines certain features of the Kantian subject, but at the same time is distinguished from the latter by its more autonomous character. The second stage - which can be described as "transitory" in the constitution of the phenomenological theory of knowledge - takes place in the years 1906/07, while Husserl is working on his Einleitung. It is an important text in at least two ways: historical and methodological. First, it marks a definitive break with everything that concerns the psychological field and elevates phenomenology to the rank of a unique theory of knowledge. Husserl develops, among other things, his radical critique of the immanentist school (Schuppe, Rehmke); school philosophically yet closer to Husserl, but which retains a strong psychological approach and can only be treated as an adversary. The pinnacle is the Ideen I. This book marks the structural completeness of the phenomenological theory of knowledge. Here, Husserl sketches his goal: to describe the process of knowledge from the point of view of the transcendental subject, thus phenomenologically. On the one hand, unlike the earlier works, we deal here with the logical extension of all Husserl's reflections since his mathematical writings; on the other hand, the Ideen I set in motion the phenomenological praxis as such. The subject of knowledge is not a new figure or totally invented: it is a subject reconstructed during the development of the phenomenological method, initially appeared in the metaphysics and mathematics of the XIXth century.</dcterms:abstract>
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