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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">La mort du héros dans le roman moderne en Europe : Léon Tolstoï, Thomas Mann, Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">The death of the hero in the modern novel in Europe : Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Mort</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Aristocratie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Vieille bourgeoisie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Déclin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hérédité</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dégénérescence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Décadence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Deuil</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Objets</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Reliques</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Death</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Aristocracy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Old bourgeoisie</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Decline</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Heredity</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Degeneration</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Decadence</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mourning</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce travail a pour but d’étudier comment a été écrite la mort du héros dans La Mort d’Ivan Ilitch de Léon Tolstoï, Les Buddenbrook de Thomas Mann, Le Temps Retrouvé de Marcel Proust, Les Années de Virginia Woolf et Le Guépard de Tomasi di Lampedusa. La mort dans ces œuvres a ceci de particulier qu’elle s’inscrit dans la représentation de la fin d’un monde et dans un nouveau rapport du héros à sa propre finitude. Il s’agit d’établir quelles ont été les causes extérieures et intimes qui ont amené la vieille bourgeoisie et l’aristocratie au sentiment de leur propre perte et à la conscience du déclin, mais aussi de démontrer comment le récit de Tolstoï inaugure un nouveau rapport de l’homme moderne à la mort : autant il est question de l’angoisse que le héros ressent envers sa propre mort, autant il est également question du rapport à la mort de l’autre, exprimé par l’hypocrisie du deuil et l’indifférence à la mort d’autrui. Pour les écrivains, écrire le deuil signifie aussi faire un travail de deuil personnel par le biais de l’écriture. La mort a ses propres prodromes : la maladie et la vieillesse. Il s’agit donc de montrer également le nouveau rapport du héros à la médicalisation et l’originalité de la représentation de la vieillesse. Celle-ci, tout en nouant avec les thèmes classiques des vanitas ou des danses macabres, est réélaborée à travers une relecture moderne de ces thèmes, auxquels s’ajoute l’écriture de la monstruosité inhumaine du vieillir. Écrire la mort signifie en un sens percer son mystère, rendre par le langage l’insaisissable, l’“hapax” de la mort. Force est de démontrer enfin par ce travail comment écrire la mort signifie aussi la vaincre par l’immortalité que la littérature peut donner au travers de l’écriture, immortalité qui présuppose néanmoins le sacrifice que l’écriture impose aux écrivains.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The purpose of this work is to study how the death of the hero was written in Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilitch, Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks, Marcel Proust’s Time Regained, The Virginia Woolf’s The Years, and Tomasi di Lampedusa’s The Leopard. Death in these works is unique as it matches with the representation of a world’s end and a new relationship of the hero to his own finitude. It is a matter of establishing what were the external and intimate causes that brought the old bourgeoisie and aristocracy to the feeling of their own loss and the consciousness of their decline, but also to demonstrate how the story of Tolstoy inaugurates a new relationship of moderne man with death : as much as the anguish that the hero feels towards his own death, it is also a question of how people relate to the death of others, expressed by a certain hypocrisy of mourning and the indifference toward the death of others. For writers, writing about bereavement also means doing personal grief work through writing. Death has its own prodromes : sickness and old age. It is therefore also a question of showing the hero’s new relationship to medicalization and the originality of representation of old age. This, while mingled with the classic themes as vanitas or macabre dances, is re-elaborated through a modern reinterpretation of these themes, to which is added the writing of the inhuman monstrosity of aging. Writing about death means, in a sense, to pierce its mistery, to seize its elusiveness through language, the “hapax” of death. Lastly, it is important for this study to demonstrate how to writing about death also means to overcome it, thanks to the immortality that literature can give through writing, that immortality which nevertheless presupposes the sacrifice of writing imposed on writers.</dcterms:abstract>
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