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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Dégradation de polyuréthanes thermoplastiques par voies enzymatique et microbienne : vers un reclyclage biologique et durable</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Enzymatic and microbial degradation of thermoplastic polyurethanes : towards organic and sustainable recycling</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Recyclage biologique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polyuréthanes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Dégradation fongique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Catalyse enzymatique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Protéomique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biological recycling</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Polyurethanes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fungal degradation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Enzymatic catalysis</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les polyuréthanes (PU) sont des polymères synthétiques majoritairement destinés à des applications long-termes, à l’image des panneaux d’isolation pour le secteur de la construction. La gestion des déchets PU est un enjeu majeur pour limiter l’impact environnemental de ces matériaux. Parmi les solutions envisageables, le recyclage biologique, qui repose sur la dépolymérisation enzymatique des PU, présente un intérêt majeur en permettant une valorisation des synthons issus de cette dégradation. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse était d’identifier des enzymes et champignons capables de dégrader les PU. Deux enzymes aux activités de dégradation complémentaires ont démontré une capacité à dépolymériser efficacement un polyester PU thermoplastique. Les produits de cette dégradation ont pu être caractérisés. Trois souches de champignons dégradant deux polyesters PU ont été isolées à partir de prélèvements environnementaux. Une analyse protéomique met en évidence quatre enzymes produites par la souche d’Aspergillus oryzae pouvant potentiellement cliver la liaison uréthane. Au-delà de proposer de nouvelles entités biologiques dégradant les PU, ces travaux décrivent également le développement d’un panel de méthodes d’analyses pertinentes de la dégradation biologique PU.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Polyurethanes (PU) are synthetic polymers mainly intended for long-term uses such as isolation panels for buildings applications. PU waste management is a major challenge to limit the environmental impact of these materials. Among the possible solutions, biological recycling, consisting in the enzymatic depolymerization of polymers is of major interest since it allows for the recovery of valuable building-blocks. The purpose of this work was thus to identify and characterize enzymes and fungi able to degrade PU. Two enzymes with complementary degradation activities display abilities to efficiently depolymerize a polyester PU. Resulting degradation products were characterized. Three strains of fungi, isolated from environment, were found to degrade two polyester PU. A proteomic analysis highlights four enzymes produced by Aspergillus oryzae potentially able to cleave the urethane bond. Besides reporting new biological entities for the PU degradation, this work also describes the development of a set of analytical tools for the appropriate analysis of the biological degradation of PU.</dcterms:abstract>
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