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<dc:title xml:lang="fr">Porous polyurethane-based materials for tissue engineering</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matériaux poreux</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Diamètre d’interconnexion</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Revêtement de surface</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Polyuréthane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Cellules souches mésenchymateuses</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Interconnection diameter</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Surface functionalisation</dc:subject>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Mesenchymal stem cells</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les matériaux poreux représentent une solution idéale en ingénierie tissulaire car leur structure peut offrir un environnement tridimensionnel aux cellules similaire à leur matrice extracellulaire tout en maintenant de bonnes propriétés mécaniques. Une première partie de cette thèse consiste à développer des matériaux poreux en polyuréthane (PU), dont l’architecture est contrôlée pour favoriser au mieux la survie et la croissance des cellules. Ces matériaux sont combinés à des traitements de surface (revêtement de polydopamine (PDA) et traitement plasma) pour augmenter notamment l’adhésion des cellules. Nous avons pu démontrer que le diamètre des interconnexions (i.e. l’ouverture connectant deux pores adjacents) impacte profondément la survie et l’organisation des cellules à long terme dans le matériau. Le revêtement de PDA s’est révélé efficace pour des cellules de type fibroblaste, alors que le traitement plasma favorise la colonisation des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs). Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié l’influence de la formulation du PU sur les capacités d’adhésion des cellules au matériau. Nous avons démontré que pour un ratio donné entre les réactifs, l’adhésion des cellules peut être exclue ou permise. Finalement, nous avons mis un gel de peptides auto-assemblés dans les pores du matériau pour fournir aux cellules un environnement similaire à leur matrice extracellulaire. Nous avons pu montrer que le gel permet d’augmenter la prolifération des MSCs.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Porous materials are an ideal solution in tissue engineering since they can provide a three-dimensional environment to the cells that is close to their extracellular matrix while keeping suitable mechanical properties. In the first part of this Thesis we develop porous materials made from polyurethane (PU) whose architecture is controlled to allow cells colonisation and growth. These materials are subsequently surface-treated (polydopamine (PDA) coating and plasma treatment) to enhance the adhesion of the cells. We were able to show that the interconnection diameter (i.e. the aperture connecting two adjacent pores) has an important impact on the long-term cell survival and organization in the material. Polydopamine coating was shown to be efficient for fibroblasts, whereas plasma treatment promoted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) colonisation. Besides, we also studied the influence of the PU formulation on the adhesion capacity of the cells. We demonstrated that at a given ratio between the reactants, cell adhesion could be allowed or prevented. Finally, we put a hydrogel of self-assembled peptides inside the pores of the material to provide an environment close to the extracellular matrix for the cells. We could show that the gel increases the proliferation ability of MSCs. In summary, this Thesis puts forward the important interplay between material properties and morphology of porous scaffolds.</dcterms:abstract>
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