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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Active fluctuations and electrostatic interactions in floating lipid membranes</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Fluctuations actives et interactions électrostatiques dans les membranes lipidiques flottantes</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Membrane active</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bactériorhodopsine</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectre de fluctuation membranaire</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réflectométrie de neutrons</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Réflectométrie des rayons X</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Interactions membranaires</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Théorie de couplage fort</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Active membrane</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bacteriorhodopsin</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Membrane fluctuation spectrum</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neutron reflectometry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">X-ray reflectometry</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Membrane interactions</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Strong-Coupling theory</dc:subject>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029689953" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Fluctuations (physique)</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029682002" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Protéines membranaires</tef:elementdEntree>
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<tef:elementdEntree autoriteExterne="029709164" autoriteSource="Sudoc">Spectroscopie de réflectance</tef:elementdEntree>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Le projet principal de ce travail a porté sur l'étude des fluctuations hors d'équilibres de membranes lipidiques induites par la bactériorhodopsine (BR), une protéine transmembranaire activée par la lumière. Un protocole robuste pour l'incorporation de BR dans les systèmes mimétiques de membrane a été développé et les changements structurels induits par l'incorporation et l'activation de la BR ont été étudiés en détail par réflectivité spéculaire (neutrons et rayons X) et par réflectivité hors-spéculaire (rayons X). Nous avons pu observer un effet réversible induit par l'activité de la protéine sur la structure de la membrane et sur ses fluctuations. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à l’étude du spectre des fluctuations hors-équilibres d’un système protéo-membranaire planaire, et à l’accès aux propriétés physiques de la membrane active. Dans un second projet nous avons étudié l’interaction entre deux bicouches lipidiques fortement chargées. Nous avons finement caractérisé la structure du système et clairement démontré que des interactions attractives existaient entre les bicouches chargées, en accord avec la théorie de couplage fort.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The main project of this work was focused on the investigation of out-of-equilibrium fluctuation of phospholipid membranes induced by light-activated transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR). A robust protocol for the BR incorporation into the membrane-mimic systems was developed and the induced structural changes caused by BR incorporation and activation with light were probed by means of neutron and X-ray specular and off-specular reflectometry. The reversible effect of light illumination on the protein activity (on /off) via its effect on the bilayer structure and fluctuation spectrum was demonstrated. These results open the way to investigate the active fluctuation spectrum of a planar membrane-protein system and to access the physical properties of the active membrane. The aim of the second project was to investigate the interaction between highly negatively charged DPPS lipid bilayers. We fully characterized the structure of the system and clearly demonstrated that attractive interactions existed between charged bilayers, in good agreement with Strong-Coupling theory.</dcterms:abstract>
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