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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Optical spectroscopy of heterostructures based on atomically-thin semiconductors</dc:title>
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<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Matériaux 2D</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spectroscopie optique</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Exciton</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hétérostructures de Van der Waals</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">2D materials</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Optical spectroscopy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Exciton</dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Van der Waals heterostructures</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons fabriqué et étudié par spectroscopie optique, des hétérostructures de van der Waals, composées de monofeuillets semi-conducteurs (dichalcogénures de métaux de transition, DMT) couplés à une monocouche de graphène ou à un résonateur plasmonique. Nous avons observé des modifications importantes de la dynamique des états excités optiquement dans le DMT (excitons) lorsque celui-ci est en contact avec le graphène. Le graphène neutralise la couche de DMT et permet un transfert non-radiatif d’excitons en moins de quelques picosecondes. Ce transfert d’énergie peut s’accompagner d’un photodopage extrinsèque considérablement moins efficace. La réduction de la durée de vie des excitons du DMT en présence de graphène a été exploitée pour montrer que leur pseudo-spin de vallée maintenait un degré de polarisation et de cohérence important jusqu’à température ambiante. Enfin, en couplant fortement les excitons d’un DMT aux modes d’un résonateur plasmonique à phase géométrique, nous avons mis en évidence, à température ambiante, le verrouillage du pseudo-spin de vallée sur la direction de propagation des polaritons chiraux (chiralitons) issus du couplage.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">During this thesis, we have fabricated and studied by optical spectroscopy, van der Waals heterostructures composed of semiconductor monolayers (transition metal dichalcogenides, TMD) coupled to a graphene monolayer or to a plasmonic resonator. We have observed significant changes in the dynamics of the TMD optically excited states (excitons) when it is in direct contact with graphene. Graphene neutralizes the TMD monolayer and enables non-radiative transfer of excitons within less than a few picoseconds. This energy transfer process may be accompanied by a considerably less efficient, extrinsic photodoping. The reduced lifetime of TMD excitons in the presence of graphene has been exploited to show that their valley pseudo-spin maintains a high degree of polarization and coherence up to room temperature. Finally, by strongly coupling TMD excitons to the modes of a geometric phase plasmonic resonator, we have demonstrated, at room temperature, that the momentum of the resulting chiral polaritons (chiralitons) is locked to their valley pseudo-spin.</dcterms:abstract>
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