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<dc:title xml:lang="en">Elaboration of nanofibrous biomimetic scaffolds based on poly(glycerol sebacate) for cardiac tissue engineering</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Élaboration de matériaux nanofibreux biomimétiques à base de poly(sébaçate de glycérol) pour l’ingénierie tissulaire cardiaque</dcterms:alternative>
<dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Ingénierie tissulaire</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’ingénierie tissulaire cardiaque permet de promouvoir la régénération du cœur. Cette technique repose sur l’utilisation d’un substrat où se développent les cellules. Pour être performant, ce substrat doit mimer les propriétés mécaniques et structurelles du myocarde. Pour cette thèse, le poly(sébaçate de glycérol) (PGS), un élastomère biocompatible, a été choisi comme matériau de base. Sa synthèse a été étudiée, montrant quels sont les paramètres à contrôler pour obtenir les propriétés attendues. En particulier, des propriétés mécaniques adaptées au muscle cardiaque peuvent être obtenues. La méthode de mise œuvre choisie est l’élelectrofilage, qui permet la fabrication de mats nanofibreux imitant la structure des tissus biologiques. Comme la mise en forme du PGS est rendue difficile par son insolubilité, il a été électrofilé à l’état de prépolymère, mélangé à un autre polymère. Des patchs cardiaques à base d’acide polylactique et de PGS ont pu être fabriqués. Par ailleurs, en mélangeant le PGS à de la polyvinylpyrrolidone et de la cyclodextrine, des membranes élastomères aux propriétés mécaniques adaptées au cœur ont pu être préparées. Enfin, le PGS a été utilisé sous forme de particules afin d’organiser des dépôts de fibres de PLA en structures capables d’améliorer le développement des cellules et des tissus.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Cardiac tissue engineering aims to regenerate the heart. This technic relies on the use of a scaffold where the cells can proliferate. To be efficient, this scaffold should mimic mechanical and structural properties of the myocardium. In this thesis, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) was chosen as building material. Its synthesis was studied, showing which parameters should be controlled in order to get the expected properties. In particular, mechanical properties fitting cardiac muscle’s ones can be obtained. Electrospinning was chosen as process method. This method allows the fabrication of nanofibrous mats mimicking biological tissues structure. As PGS processing is difficult because it is insoluble, it was electrospun at the prepolymer state, blended with another polymer. In this way, cardiac patches composed of poly(lactic acid) and PGS were fabricated. Furthermore, PGS was blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone and cyclodextrin to prepare elastomeric membranes with mechanical properties adapted to the heart. Finally, PGS was used in particles in order to organize PLA fibers deposits into structures able to improve cells and tissues development.</dcterms:abstract>
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